1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the confederation.
2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby; any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
3. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and all judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.
ARTICLE VII.
The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same.
Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.
GEORGE WASHINGTON,
President, and Deputy from Virginia.
| NEW HAMPSHIRE. | DELAWARE. |
| John Langdon, | George Read, |
| Nicholas Gilman. | Gunning Bedford, jr., |
| MASSACHUSETTS. | John Dickinson, |
| Nathaniel Gorham, | Richard Bassett, |
| Rufus King. | Jacob Broom. |
| CONNECTICUT. | MARYLAND. |
| Wm. Samuel Johnson, | James McHenry, |
| Roger Sherman. | Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, |
| Daniel Carroll. | |
| NEW YORK. | VIRGINIA. |
| Alexander Hamilton. | John Blair, |
| James Madison, jr. | |
| NEW JERSEY. | NORTH CAROLINA. |
| William Livingston, | William Blount, |
| David Brearley, | Rich. Dobbs Spaight, |
| William Patterson, | Hugh Williamson. |
| Jonathan Dayton. | |
| PENNSYLVANIA. | SOUTH CAROLINA. |
| Benjamin Franklin, | John Rutledge, |
| Thomas Mifflin, | Charles C. Pinckney, |
| Robert Morris, | Charles Pinckney, |
| George Clymer, | Pierce Butler. |
| Thomas Fitzsimons, | GEORGIA. |
| Jared Ingersoll, | William Few, |
| James Wilson, | Abraham Baldwin. |
| Gouverneur Morris. |