The Nieder Deutsche is distinguished from the Ober Deutsche by the shifting of consonants: ex. gr.:
| OBER DEUTSCHE DIALECTS. | NIEDER DEUTSCHE DIALECTS. | |||||||
| High German. | Allem. | Suab. | Bavar. | Franc. | Upper Saxony. | Lower Saxony. | Holländisch. | English. |
| wein. | wi. | wai. | wai. | wein. | wein. | win. | wein. | wine. |
| stein. | stein. | stoi. | stoa. | staan. | steen. | steen. | steen. | stone. |
| weit. | wit. | wait. | wait. | weit. | weit. | wet. | weid. | wide. |
| breit. | breit. | broit. | broat. | braat. | breet. | breet. | breed. | broad. |
| haus. | hus. | haus. | haus. | haus. | haus. | hus. | huis. | house. |
| kaufen. | kaufen. | koufen | kafen. | kafen. | koofen. | koopen. | koopen. | to buy. |
| feuer. | für. | fuir. | foir. | fair. | foier. | für. | für. | fire. |
| kirche. | chilche | kieche | kirche. | kerche | kerche. | kerke. | kerk. | church. |
| herz. | herz. | heaz. | herz. | harz. | harz. | hart. | hart. | heart. |
| gross. | grosz. | grausz | grusz. | grausz | grusz. | groot. | groot. | great. |
| buch. | buech. | busch. | buech. | bouch. | buch. | book. | boek. | book. |
I have introduced here, as a dialect of the Nieder Deutsche, the Dutch = Holländisch, the language spoken by the people of the Nederlanden = Niederlande = Netherlands.
The Nieder Deutsche dialect is also spoken in Westphalia, and along the river Weser, &c.
All these dialects have also their own words, or at least their peculiar meanings of words, as well as particular modes of expression, and these are to be considered as provincialisms.
Professor Goedes de Grüter.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Dr. Mansell having forwarded to me for publication the accompanying account of his mode of operation, I have much pleasure in laying it before the readers of "N. & Q.;" because my friend Dr. Mansell is not only so fortunate in his results, but is one of the most careful and correct manipulators in our art. The proportions which he recommends, and his mode of operating, are, it will be seen, somewhat different from those hitherto published. In writing to me he says: "I make a point of making a short note in the evening of the day's experiments, a plan involving very little trouble, but of great service as a reference." If all photographers would adopt this simple plan, how much good would result! Dr. M. complains to me of the constant variation he has found in collodion; (with your permission, I will in your pages furnish him, and all your readers with some plain directions on this point); and he has given me some excellent observations on the "fashionable" waxed-paper process, in which he has not met with such good results as he had anticipated; although with much experience which may some day turn to good account. Dr. Mansell concludes with an observation in which I entirely concur, viz. "That the calotype process is by far the most useful; and I find the pictures it gives have better effect than the wax ones, which always to me appear flat, even when they are not gravelly."