An important result followed this struggle (see 2 Lingard, p. 375.), viz., that the procurators of the common clergy of each diocese (in compliance with the direction on the Kings writ) were admitted as constituent members of these and all subsequent Convocations; the archdeacons, before this time, being considered as their representatives, who probably were furnished with letters of procuration from them.
The constitution of the English Convocation may be said to be finally established in the reign of Edward I., and it has so continued to the present day; except that in 1665 the clergy in Convocation gave up the privilege of self-taxation, and received in return that of voting for the House of Commons, losing thereby one distinctive sign of their being "an Estate of the Realm."
WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.
P.S. The error which my former note was intended to correct was not utterly a "cockney" one, as the following Proposition, condemned in 1683, by the University of Oxford, together with several others contained in the books of the time, as "damnable and destructive," will show:—
"The sovereignty of England is in the Three Estates, viz. King, Lords, and Commons. The King has but a co-ordinate power, and may be overruled by the other two." Lex Rex. Hunter of a limited and mixed Monarchy. Baxter's H. C. Polit. Catech. See Collier's Eccl. Hist., Part 2. Book ix.
MEANING OF WHIG AND TORY.
(Vol. iv., p. 57.)
The derivation of these terms, as applied to the two extreme parties in politics, is a much vexed question, which will probably never be satisfactorily settled. That staunch Tory, Roger North, in his Examen, has referred the origin of the name of his party to their connexion with the Duke of York and his popish allies.
"It is easy (says North) to imagine how rampant these procurators of power, the Exclusioners, were under such circumstances of advantage as at that time prevailed; everywhere insulting and menacing the royalists, as was done in all the terms of common conversation, and the latter had the wind in their faces, the votes of the house and the rabble into the bargain. This trade, then not much opposed, naturally led to a common use of slighting and opprobrious names, such as Yorkist. That served for mere distinction, but did not scandalize or reflect enough. Then they came to Tantivy, which implied riding post to Rome. Observe, all the while the loyal church party were passive; the outrage lay wholly on the other side. These observing that the Duke favoured Irishmen, all his friends, or those accounted such by appearing against the Exclusion, were straight become Irish; thence bog-trotters, and in the copia of the factious language, the word Tory was entertained, which signified the most despicable savages among the wild Irish; and being a vocal and clear sounding word, readily pronounced, it kept its hold, and took possession of the foul mouths of the faction."
Burton, in vol. ii. of his Parliamentary Diary on the state of Ireland, under date of June 10, 1657, has the following passage:
"Tory is said to be the Irish word Toree, that is, Give me, which was the summons of surrender used by the banditti, to whom the name was originally applied."