Here, then, by a direct appeal to experiment, we prove that to all appearance comparatively useless excess of potassium bromide is really one of the most important constituents of the emulsion.
The following table gives some interesting results respecting this action of potassium bromide:
__________________________________________________________
Excess of potash bromide. | Time to acquire maximum |
| sensitiveness. |
--------------------------+------------------------------+
0.2 grain per ounce | no increase after six hours. |
2.0 " " | about one-half an hour. |
20.0 " " | seven minutes. |
--------------------------+------------------------------+
I must here leave the rationale of the process for the present, and proceed with the next operation.
Our emulsion being cold, I add to it, for every 6 ounces of mixed emulsion, 1 ounce of a saturated cold solution of potassium bichromate; then, gently swirling the mixture round, a few drops of a dilute (1 to 8) solution of hydrochloric acid, and place it on one side for a minute or two.
When hydrochloric acid is added to bichromate of potash, chromic acid is liberated. Now, chromic acid has the property of precipitating gelatine, so that what I hope to have done is to have precipitated the gelatine in this emulsion, and which will carry down the silver bromide as well. You see here I can pour off the supernatant liquid clear, leaving our silver and gelatine as a clot at the bottom of the vessel.
Another action of chromic acid is, that it destroys the action of light on silver bromide, so that up to this point operations can be carried on in broad daylight.
The precipitated emulsion is now taken into the dark room and washed until the wash water shows no trace of color; if there be a large quantity, this is best done on a fine muslin filter; if a small quantity, by decantation.
Having been thoroughly washed, I dissolve the pellicle in water by immersing the beaker containing it in the water bath. I then add the remaining gelatine, and make up the whole with 3 ounces of alcohol and water to 30 ounces for the quantities given. I pass the emulsion through a funnel containing a pellet of cotton wool in order to filter it, and it is ready for coating the plates.
To coat a plate, I place it on this small block of leveled wood, and pour on down a glass rod a small quantity of the emulsion, and by means of the rod held horizontally, spread it over the plate. I then transfer the plate to this leveled slab of plate glass, in order that the emulsion on it may set. As soon as set, it is placed in the drying box.