FIG. 9.--Australian native (from Brough Smyth), showing
small development of muscles of legs and prognathism.
It is evident that persons who present any of the characters cited in the above list are more infantile or embryonic in those respects than are others; and that those who lack them have left them behind in reaching maturity.
We have now two sets of characters in which men may differ from each other. In the one set the characters are those of monkeys, in the other they are those of infants. Let us see whether there be any identities in the two lists, i. e., whether there be any of the monkey-like characters which are also infantile. We find the following to be such:
I. As to General Form.--(3) The arms are longer.
II. Surface.--(10) The hair of the head is short, and the hair on the body is more distributed.
III. As to Head and Face.--(21) The nose is without bridge and the cartilages are short and flat.
Three characters only out of twenty-three. On the other hand, the following characters of monkey-like significance are the opposites of those included in the embryonic list: (14) The facial region of the skull is large as compared with the cerebral; (15) the forehead is not prominent; (16) the superciliary ridges are more prominent; (17) the edges of the jaws are more prominent. Four characters, all of the face and head. It is thus evident that in attaining maturity man resembles more and more the apes in some important parts of his facial expression.
Esequibo Indian woman, showing the following
peculiarities: deficient bridge of nose, prognathism, no waist,
and (the
right hand figure) deficiency of stature through short femur.
From photographs by Endlich.