GEORGE NICHOLSON.

Royal Gardens, Kew.

[1]

IDENTIFICATION.—Carpinus Betulus, L., Loudon, "Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum," vol. iii., p. 2004; Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, 917. Boswell Syme, "English Botany," vol. viii., p. 176, tab. 1293; Koch, "Dendrologie," zweit. theil. zweit. abtheil., p. 2: Hooker, "Student's Flora of the British Islands," ed. 2, p. 365. C. Carpinizza, Host., "Flora Austriaca," ii., p. 626. C. intermedia. Wierbitzsky in Reichb Ic. fl. Germ. et Helvet., xxii., fig. 1297.

[2]

IDENTIFICATION.—Carpinus orientalis. Miller, "Gardener's Dictionary," ed. 6 1771); La Marck, Dict, i., 107; Watson, "Dendrologia Britannica," ii., tab. 98; Reich. Ic. fl. Germ. et Helvet., xxii., fig, 1298; Tenore, "Flora Neapolitana," v., 264; Loudon, Arb. et Fruticet. Brit., iii., 2014, Encycl. Trees and Shrubs, p. 918; Koch, "Dendrologie." zweit, theil zweit, abtheil, p. 4. C. duinensis, Scopoli, "Flora Carniolica," 2 ed., ii., 243, tab. 60; Bertoloni, "Flora Italica," x., 233; Alph. De Candolle in Prodr., xvi. (ii.), 126.

[3]

IDENTIFICATION.—Carpinius caroliniana, Walter, "Flora Caroliniana," 236; C. americana, Michx. fl. bor. Amer., ii., 201; Mich. f. Hist. des. Arbres Forestiers de l'Amerique Septentrionale, iii., 57, tab. 8; Watson, "Dendrologia Britannica," ii., 157; Gray, "Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States," p. 457.

[4]

IDENTIFICATION.—Carpinus viminea, Lindl. in Wall. Plant. Asiat. Rar., ii., p. 4, t. 106; D. C. Prodr., xvi., ii., 127. Loudon, "Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum," iii., p. 2014; Encycl. of Trees and Shrubs, p. 919. Brandis, "Forest Flora," 492.