Thus the seismic efforts of 1883 may be seen to have expended their force partly along the great backbone of the S. and N. American Cordillera, but more especially from the center of land E. and W. along its prime vertical from Sunda to Quito, also southwesterly by the E. coast of Spain, as well as due S. through Algeria, and S. 30° E. through Rome, Naples, Sicily, etc. Finally, the autumnal catastrophes at and near Scios, Anatolia, etc., seem to have been caused by a seismic wave, propagated along the great circle, which often agitates Janina, and produces earthquakes at Agram, where this great circle crosses the prime vertical.
RICHARD OWEN.
New Harmony, Ind., 27 Feb., 1884.
THE IRON INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL
(PROVINCE OF MINAS GERAES.)
By Prof. P. FERRAND.
Up to the present time, the methods employed in the province of Minas Geraes (Brazil) for obtaining iron permit of manufacturing it direct from the ore without the intervening process of casting. These methods are two in number:
1. The method by cadinhes (crucibles), which is the simpler and requires but little manipulation, but permits of the production of but a small quantity of metal at a time.