He assures us, that he saw several drones insinuate the posterior part of the body into the cells for that purpose. After frequent repetition of the first he entered on a long series of other experiments.
There was something very specious in this explanation: the experiments on which it was founded seemed correct; and it afforded a satisfactory reason for the prodigious number of males in a hive. At the same time the author had neglected to obviate one strong objection: larvæ appear when there are no drones.
From the month of September until April, hives are generally destitute of males; yet, notwithstanding their absence, the queen then lays fertile eggs.
Thus the prolific matter cannot be required for their impregnation, unless we shall suppose that it is necessary at a certain time of the year, while at every other season it is useless.
To discover the truth amidst these facts, apparently so contradictory, I determined to repeat Mr. Debraw’s experiments, and to observe more precaution than he himself had done. First, I sought for that matter which he supposes the prolific in cells containing eggs. Several were actually found with such an appearance, and during the first day of observation, neither my assistant nor myself doubted the reality of the discovery. But we afterwards found it an illusion arising from the reflection of the light for nothing like a fluid was visible except when the solar rays reached the bottom of the cells. This part is commonly covered by shining fragments of the cocoons of worms successively hatched, and the reflection of the light from these when much illuminated, produces an illusory effect. We proved it by the strictest examination for no vestiges of a fluid were perceptible when the cells were detached and cut asunder.
Though the first observation inspired us with some distrust of Mr. Debraw’s discovery, we repeated his other experiments with the utmost care.
On the 6th of August, 1787, we immersed a hive, and with scrupulous attention examined all the bees while in the bath. We ascertained that there was no male, either large or small, and having examined every comb we found neither male nymph nor worm. When the bees were dry we replaced the whole, along with the queen in their habitation, and transported them into my cabinet. They were allowed full liberty; therefore they flew about and made their usual collections; but it being necessary that no male should enter the hive during the experiment, a glass tube was adapted to the entrance, of such dimensions that two bees only could pass at once; and we watched the tube attentively during the four or five days that the experiment continued. We should have instantly observed, and removed any male appearing, that the result of the experiment might be undisturbed, and I can positively affirm that not one was seen.
However, from the first day which was the 6th of August, the queen deposited fourteen eggs in the workers’ cells; and all these were hatched on the tenth of the same month.
[To be continued.]