+ − N Y Times 25:287 My 30 ’20 440w Springf’d Republican p9a Jl 4 ’20 140w
HODGE, ALBERT CLAIRE, and MCKINSEY, JAMES OSCAR. Principles of accounting. *$3 Univ. of Chicago press 657
20–17381
Three classes of students of accounting are considered in this volume: those who aim at understanding its use as a means of social control over business activities—consisting mostly of students of economics; those who expect to qualify as certified public accountants; and those who expect to become business executives of one kind or another. Contents: The meaning and function of accounting; The relationship of accounting to proprietorship; The balance sheet; The statement of profit and loss; The account as a means of classifying information; The construction and interpretation of particular accounts; The construction and interpretation of accounts; The trial balance; The adjusting entries; The closing entries; The source of the ledger entries; Some special forms of the journal; The use of the general journal; Business vouchers and forms; The accounting process; Business practice and procedure; Books of original entry; Controlling accounts; The construction and interpretation of accounts; Accruals and deferred items; The adjusting and closing entries; The classification of accounts; Financial reports; The graphical method of presenting accounting facts; Appendix.
+ N Y Evening Post p10 O 30 ’20 50w
HODGES, FRANK. Nationalisation of the mines; with foreword by J: R. Clynes. (New era ser.) $1.75 Seltzer 338.2
(Eng ed 20–6078)
“Mr Hodges’s case is, briefly, that there is inevitably waste in the production, in the consumption, and in the distribution of coal under the present system of private ownership. He insists that the coal industry should be regarded as a whole; that the accidental frontiers of private ownership are not geological frontiers: that the prime consideration of an industry developed by shareholders’ capital, namely, that a certain monetary return should be obtained within a certain time, is not compatible with the most efficient and scientific development of that industry; and that different and competitive systems of distribution involve needless expenses for superfluous labour. His conclusions are based on figures, and the figures are taken from government reports. His argument is, in fact, the old argument that one great trust controlling a whole industry can work more efficiently and economically than a number of small and overlapping concerns. Here he develops his second argument. We have to consider the psychology of the miners. Rightly or wrongly, they are now reluctant to work for the purpose of creating private profit. No system of profit-sharing will content them; they insist on the dignity of being regarded directly as servants of the community; they have lost all faith in the divine right of employers. That is why the country, and not a trust, must own and develop the coal-mines.”—Ath