VOL. XLIX.

TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY.

EDINBURGH:

ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK.
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, LONDON.

1850.

EDINBURGH:
PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY, OLD FISHMARKET.

CONTENTS.
PAGE
Art. I.Geographical Distribution of Animals. By ProfessorLouis Agassiz:—
Different Views on the Subject.—Results of GeologicalObservations.—Facts and Suppositions.—NaturalLimits for Animals.—Limitations and Adaptations.—Influenceof Heights and Depths.—Distributionof Mammalia.—Creations on each Continent.—ZoologicalProvinces.—General Conclusion,[1-25]
Additional Illustrations of the Geographical Distributionof Animals:—
1. Geographical Distribution of Sturgeons,[25]
2. Fishes of Lake Superior compared with those of theother great Canadian Lakes,[27]
3. General Observations; all Fresh-water Fishes ofNorth America different from those of Europe—LakeSuperior and the Lakes north of it constitutea distinct Zoological District—These Fishes havebeen created where they now live—Deductionsfrom this fact,[30]
II.On the Geography and Geology of the Peninsula ofMount Sinai, and the adjacent Countries. ByJohn Hogg, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S.; HonorarySecretary of the Royal Geographical Society, &c.(With a coloured Geological Map.) Communicatedby the Author. (Continued from Vol. xlviii.,p. 219),[33]
III.Synopsis of Meteorological Observations made at theObservatory, Whitehaven, Cumberland, in the year1849. By John Fletcher Miller, Esq.,F.R.S., F.R.A.S., &c. Communicated by theAuthor,[53]
IV.The Completed Coral Island. By James D. Dana,Geologist to the American Exploratory Expedition,&c., &c.,[65]
V.Biographical Notice of Leopold Pilla, the Geologist.By H. Coquand. Communicated by the Author,[68]
VI.On the Chronological Exposition of the Periods ofVegetation, and the different Floras which havesucceeded each other on the Earth's surface. Accordingto the views of M. Brongniart. (Concludedfrom Vol. xlviii., p. 330):—
Fossil Plants of the Permian Period.—Vosgian Period.—JurassicPeriod.—Tertiary Period,[72-97]
VII.Glacial Theory of the Erratics and Drift of the Newand Old Worlds. By Professor Agassiz:—
Glacialists and Antiglacialists.—Erratic basins ofSwitzerland.—Similar phenomena observed in otherparts of Europe.—Points necessary to be settled;first, the relation in time and character between theNorthern and the Alpine erratics.—Traced in NorthAmerica.—-Not yet settled whether any local centresof distribution in America; but the general causemust have acted in all parts simultaneously. Thisaction ceased at 35° north latitude; this incompatiblewith the notion of currents.—In both hemispheres adirect reference to the Polar Regions. Difficulty asto so extensive formation of Ice, removed; difficultieson the theory of Currents, the effects contraryto experience of Water-Action.—Erratic phenomenaof Lake Superior.—The Iceberg theory.—Descriptionof appearances at Lake Superior.—Drift: containsmud, and is without fossils.—Example ofjuxtaposition of stratified and unstratified Drift, atCambridge.—Date of these phenomena not fully determined,but doubtless simultaneous all over theGlobe.—The various periods and kinds of Drift distinguished.—Accompaniedby change of level in theContinent,[97-98]
VIII.Description of the Marine Telescope. By John Adie,F.R.S.E., F.R.S.S.A. Communicated by theAuthor,[117]
IX.Experimental Investigations to Discover the Cause ofthe Change which takes place in the StandardPoints of Thermometers. By John Adie,F.R.S.E., F.R.S.S.A. Communicated by theAuthor,[122]
X.Observations on the Discovery, by Professor Lepsius,of Sculptured Marks on Rocks in the Nile Valleyin Nubia; indicating that, within the historicalperiod, the river had flowed at a higher level thanhas been known in Modern Times. By LeonardHorner, Esq., F.R.S.S. L. & E., F.G.S., &c.Communicated by the Author. With a Plate,[126]
XI.On the Salmon Tribe (Salmonidæ); their Classification,Geographical Distribution, &c.,[144]
XII.Results of Observations made by the Rev. F. Fallows,at the Cape of Good Hope, in the years1849-30-31. Produced under the superintendenceof G. B. Airy, Esq., Astronomer Royal,[148]
XIII.Discovery of the Great Lake “Ngami” of SouthAfrica,[150]
XIV.Dr Davy's Brief Sketch of the Geology of the WestIndies. Communicated for the PhilosophicalJournal,[158]
XV.On the Differences between Progressive, Embryonic,and Prophetic Types in the Succession of OrganizedBeings through the whole range of Geologicaltimes,[160]
XVI.On a New Analogy in the Periods of Rotation of thePrimary Planets discovered by Daniel Kirkwoodof Pottsville, Pennsylvania,[165]
XVII.Scientific Intelligence:—
METEOROLOGY.
1. Use of Coloured Glasses to assist the View in Fogs.2. Ozone,[170-171]
HYDROGRAPHY.
3. On the Phenomena of the Rise and Fall of theWaters of the Northern Lakes of America. 4.Water Thermometer. 5. On the Falls of Niagara.6. On the Existence of Manganese in Water. 7.Arsenic in Chalybeate Springs,[172-175]
GEOLOGY.
8. The Coal Formation of America. 9. River Terracesof the Connecticut Valley,[175-177]
ZOOLOGY.
10. Fossil Crinoids of the United States. 11. Discoveryof Coral Animals on the Coast of Massachusetts.12. On the Circulation and Digestion of the LowerAnimals. 13. Distribution of the Testaceous Molluscaof Jamaica. 14. Metamorphoses of the Lepidoptera.15. On the Zoological Character ofYoung Mammalia. 16. The Manatus or Sea Cow,the Embryonic Type of the Pachydermata. 17.Fossil Elephant and Mastodon from Africa. 18.Cauterization in the case of Poisonous Bites. 19.Dental Parasites,[177-184]
ARTS.
20. The Steamboat New World. 21. Use of Parachutesin Mines. 22. Adulterations of Drugs. 23. Torestore Decayed Ivory. 24. Ivory as an Articleof Manufacture. 25. Flexible Ivory. 26. Air-Whistle.27. Curious Electrical Phenomenon,[184-188]
XVIII.List of Patents granted for Scotland from 22d Marchto 22d June 1850,[189]