[49] Ibid., pp. 35, 198.
[50] My position is that the shout was a natural and spontaneous creation of group-phenomena. It differed from the whites' behavior in ceremonial emphasis. Neither the shout nor the antiphonal song was brought from Africa. The real religious significance of both, however, is not in external behavior, but in content.
[51] Am. J. Rel. Psy. and Ed., 3: 287.
[52] Story of the Negro, p. 260.
[53] Fenner, Hampton and its Students, p. 223.
[54] Am. J. Rel. Psy. and Ed., 3: 303.
[55] Ibid., 340.
[56] Ibid., 3: 321.
[57] Fenner, Hampton and its Students, p. 190.
[58] Higginson, Black Regiment of South Carolina, 200-1.