In our work we have handled literally hundreds of the pipes, [Plate 13] A, called “Powhatan Original” in the Company’s literature and advertising. These had been excavated both from the factory grounds and from the basement of the old Thornton Store, and we found nothing about these two lots of pipes that would seem to distinguish the two manufacturing sources. Of the total, only one single pipe failed to carry the word “Original” impressed in the base.

This “Original” was an early Home Industry form, and there is strong evidence that when the Company came to Pamplin they adopted this form, and added “Powhatan” in their advertising, just as they must have adopted some other local pipe forms. “Original” was also impressed, but probably at a still later date, on the base of three other pipe forms; they were forms “B”, “M”, and “AC”.

We also believe that the Company made the best estimate as to the starting date of the home pipemaking industry, (they would have had about a hundred year advantage in arriving at such a date, as compared to the problem under present circumstances), and applied that date to Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company as having been “established 1739”. In other words, they pictured themselves as being a continuation of the industry that was already there.

If the date of 1878, or one near that time, for the establishment of the Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Co. is correct, then this is later than the terminal date of some of the western forts and trading posts at which Pamplin pipes have been reported. It would therefore seem evident that the Pamplin pipes found in some western locations were the result of Home Industry, made before the pipe plant ever got to Pamplin. This is authenticated by the fact that they were being carried by the Bertrand.

It would seem desirable, instead of considering these pipes as Pamplin Company products, to simply think of them as Pamplin Area Pipes.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BLAIR, C. DEAN 1965 The Potters and Potteries of Summit County, 1828-1915 The Summit County Historical Society, Akron, Ohio. BRADSHAW, HERBERT C. 1955 History of Prince Edward County, Virginia Dietz Press, Inc. Richmond. COTTER, JOHN L. 1958 Archaeological Excavations at Jamestown, Virginia Archaeological Research Series No. 4, National Park Service, Washington. COTTER, JOHN L. AND J. PAUL HUDSON 1957 New Discoveries at Jamestown National Park Service, Washington. CRESTHULL, PAUL 1969 “Styles of Detachable Stem Pipes” Maryland Archaeology V:2. EWERS, JOHN C. 1969 Personal Communication January 27, 1969. 1972 Personal Communication January 19, 1972. FEATHERSTONE, NATHANIEL R. 1948 The History of Appomattox County, Virginia. Appomattox American Legion Post 104, Appomattox. FONTANA, BERNARD L., AND J. CAMERON GREENLEAF 1962 Johnny Ward’s Ranch The Kiva, 28:1-2, Tucson. HEITE, EDWARD F. 1969 “Pipe Industry History Reflected in Tools” Quarterly Bulletin, Archaeological Society of Virginia 24:2, 118-119. 1971 “Pipes from the Pamplin Factory in Appomattox County Virginia” Quarterly Bulletin, Archaeological Society of Virginia 25:3, 195-196. MARTIN, JOSEPH 1835 Gazetteer of Virginia published by Joseph Martin, Charlottesville. MILLER, CARL F. 1960 “Excavation And Investigations of Fort Lookout Trading Post II in the Fort Randall Reservoir, South Dakota” River Basin Surveys Papers No. 17, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 176, Nos. 15-20 pp. 49-82. OMWAKE, H. GEIGER 1967 “Supplemental Report on Additional White Clay Pipe Evidence Recovered from the Buck Site Near Chestertown, Maryland” Bulletin Archaeological Society of Delaware Nos. 5 and 6, New Series, Fall 1967: 23-30. PRUCHA, FRANCIS PAUL 1964 Guide to the Military Posts of the U.S. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 1964. SACKET, RICHARD 1943 “Historical Clay Pipes of the Minnesota Area”. Minnesota Archaeologist 9:3, 69-82. Minneapolis. SMITH, G. HUBERT 1960a. “Fort Pierre II, an Historic Trading Post in the Oahe Dam Area, South Dakota”. River Basin Surveys Papers No. 18 Bureau American Ethnology, Bulletin 176, Nos. 15-20: 83-158. 1960b. “Investigations at Fort Stevenson” River Basin Surveys Papers No. 19, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 176, Nos. 15-20: 159-238. THOMPSON, ERWIN T. 1965 Communication to John W. Walker, Jan. 8, 1965. THOMPSON, WILLIAM A., JR. 1969 “Pamplin Pipes” The Chesopiean 7:1. WALKER, JOHN W. 1962 Field Notes, on Pamplin Pipes, while engaged in Archaeological Research Appomattox Courthouse. WILSON, REX L. 1961 “Clay Pipes from Fort Laramie” Annals of Wyoming, 33:2, 120-134 Cheyenne. 1966 “Tobacco Pipes from Fort Union, New Mexico” El Palacio, 73: 1, 32-40. Santa Fe. 1971 Clay Tobacco Pipes from Fort Laramie, National Historic Site and Related Locations. Division of Archaeology and Anthropology, National Park Service, Washington. WOODLING, R. H. 1969 Communication to Charles H. Meadows, Appomattox National Historic Park, May 15, 1969 WOOLWORTH, ALLAN R. AND W. RAYMOND WOOD 1960 “Archaeology at Kipp’s Post” River Basin Surveys Papers No. 20, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 176: 239-321. Washington.

Newspapers

1935 Farmville Herald, Farmville, Va. Mar. 29, 1935 “Pamplin Pipe Factory”
1946 Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va. April 21, 1946 “Indian Pipes are Still Produced from Clay Found in Virginia”.
1965 Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va. March 31, 1965 “Pamplin Pipes in Smithsonian”.
? Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va. March 30 ? “Historic Pipes Shipped West From Virginia”.
1962 Times-Virginian, Appomattox, Va. “Ramblings About Clay Pipes” Oct. 18, ’62