In all diseases attended with much fever or quickness of pulse the stomach loathes animal food, and there is generally a great increase of thirst, to quench which water, either quite cold, or iced, or tepid, or rendered acid, may be freely indulged. Infusions, too, of barley, sage, balm, &c., may be taken. In chronic diseases attended with hectic fever, milk is the most proper diet. The best food for infants is, of course, their mother's milk; but whenever they begin to cut teeth a little animal food, such as soft-boiled eggs, beef-tea, and even chicken minced very fine, may be given. Many infants suffer from having too much sugar given them in their food.—Bibliography: R. H. Chittenden, Physiological Economy in Nutrition, and Nutrition of Man; Hutchison, Food and Dietetics; Lusk, The Science of Nutrition.
Dietrich (dē´trih), Christian Wilhelm Ernst, a German painter and engraver, born in 1712, died in 1774. He studied under his father, and afterwards under Alexander Thiele at Dresden, where he became court-painter and professor in the academy. He adopted several different manners, successfully imitating Raphael and Mieris, Correggio, and Ostade.
Dietrich of Bern (dē´trih), the name under which Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths, appears in the old German legends. Bern stands for Verona, his capital.
Dieu, or D'Yeu (dyeu; ancient Insula Dei), an island off the west coast of France, department of Vendée. It is inaccessible on the west side, but on the east has a tolerable harbour defended by batteries. The chief industry is fishing. There are four lighthouses on the island. Pop. 3809.
Dieu et Mon Droit (dyeu e mon˙ drwä; 'God and my right'), the battle-cry of Richard I at the battle of Gisors (1198), signifying that he was not subject to France, but owed his power to God alone. The battle-cry was then adopted as the motto of the arms of England, and revived by Edward III in 1340, when he claimed the crown of France. Except during the reigns of Elizabeth and Anne, who used the motto Semper eadem, and of William III, who personally used Je maintiendray, it has ever since been the royal motto of England.
Diez (dēts), Friedrich Christian, German philologist of the Romance languages, born in 1794, died in 1876. Having qualified himself as a lecturer at Bonn, he was appointed professor of the Romance languages there in 1830. His work stands in much the same relation to the Romance dialects which the researches of Grimm occupy with respect to German dialects. In addition to various works on the poetry of the Troubadours, he published a very valuable Grammatik der Romanischen Sprachen (1836-42, translated into English by Cayley in 1863), and an Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Romanischen Sprachen (1853).
Difference, a stock-exchange term. When stock is bought or sold merely as a speculation for the rise or fall, with no intention of the buyer to 'take up' the stock, or of the seller to deliver it, the 'difference' is the movement in price which may take place between the date of the transaction and the following 'settling-day'. If the price falls, the buyer has to pay the difference upon 'carrying over' his purchase to the next account; if it rises, the seller is at the loss. Since the first weeks of the European War all stock-exchange transactions have been made, in theory at least, for cash, and speculative business of this nature has been consequently much reduced.
Differences, Finite, a calculus much used in actuarial work, which deals with a series of numbers by considering the differences of the successive terms.
If u1, u2, u3, ... are the terms of the series, then u2 - u1, u3 - u2, u4 - u3,... form another series called the series of first differences. The notation used is u2 - u1 = Δu1, u3 - u2 = Δu2,...