| Vegetable Acids. | Carbon. | Water. | Oxygen. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oxalic acid | 19.04 | 42.85 | 38.11 |
| Citric acid | 34.28 | 42.85 | 22.87 |
| Tartaric acid | 32.00 | 36.00 | 32.00 |
| Malic acid | 40.68 | 45.76 | 13.56 |
| Saclactic acid | 33.33 | 44.44 | 22.22 |
29. Preparation of Sulphate of Quinia and Kinic Acid, without the use of Alcohol.
The lead, dissolved in the fluid, is to be separated by a few drops of sulphuric acid, or a small current of sulphuretted hydrogen, and the filtered liquid is to be precipitated by adding caustic lime, previously mixed into a thin paste with water, until the earth is in very slight excess; in this manner the quinia is precipitated. The addition of sulphuric acid readily converts this quinia into sulphate, [p483] which may be obtained in very white and silky crystals. The fluid left after the separation of the quinia, contains a kinate of lime almost pure. Being evaporated until of the consistence of syrup, it readily crystallizes in a mass, which may then be purified by recrystallization. The kinate of lime may be precipitated by means of alcohol, and then be crystallized after solution in water or diluted alcohol; or, by adding oxalic acid drop by drop, according to the directions of M. Vauquelin, the lime may be separated and kinic acid obtained. Two thirds of the quinia or cinchonia in a specimen of bark may be thus separated, and with such facility as to offer a ready test of the presence of these alkalies in any wood or bark submitted to examination.—Ann. de Chimie, xxxv., 166.
30. Pure Narcotine prepared.
31. Uncertain Nature of Jalapia.
32. Preparation of pure Mellitic Acid, by M. Wöhler.
33. On a New Acid existing in Iceland Moss.
The potash salt crystallizes in quadrilateral prisms, needles or plates, and is not deliquescent. The soda salt has similar characters, and the ammonia salt crystallizes in needles. These salts abundantly precipitate the acetate and muriate of iron of a red brown colour; they precipitate sulphate and nitrate of zinc white; muriate of manganese slightly of a clear brown colour; barytic and strontian salts abundantly white; being mixed with strong solutions of muriate or acetate of lime, they gradually produce an acicular crystalline white precipitate; acetate of silver yields an abundant white precipitate, which does not change colour in less than twenty-four hours: they do not precipitate salts of glucina, magnesia, alumine, uranium, nickel, copper, cobalt, gold or platina. This substance has been named the lichenic acid, and is distinguished from boletic acid by the different character of its vapour, and by forming an insoluble salt with baryta.—Bull. Univ. A. viii. 270.
[133] About one hundred and twenty grains.