B. The common design at the Kaufering Branch Camps of Dachau
C. The Individual Defendants
15. Dr. Claus Karl Schilling. A special experimental station had been set aside in the hospital for the performance of malaria experiments under the supervision of the accused Dr. Schilling (R 191, 157, 482). Schilling performed his research for the purpose of determining immunization for and treatment of malaria (R 192). Requests for prisoners were made by Schilling (R 159-160). One such request which was admitted into evidence, stated that Polish prisoners were requested (R 160, Pros. Ex. 38).[[35]] A list of inmates was prepared in the camp physician’s office, the inmates being of all nationalities which were represented in the camp, and was sent to the labor office which made a copy of the list (R 284, 285, 287, Pros. Ex. 47, 48, 157). There the list was confirmed by the Schutzhaftlagerfuehrer who sometimes made a few changes in the list (R 285). These lists appeared about once every month since about 1943 (R 285). None of the 1,200 selectees ever consented or volunteered (R 160-161). Priests were often selected for these experiments (R 356, 353). An inmate, a priest named Father Koch, related his experience in that connection (R 356). He was first X-rayed and then sent to the malaria station (R 356-357, 353, 215). He was put into a little room where he received a box with mosquitoes which he had to hold in his hands for about half an hour (R 358). That occurred every day for one week (R 358, 363). Every afternoon another box of mosquitoes was put in between his legs while he was in bed (R 358, 363). Each morning a blood smear was taken from his ear and his temperature was measured each day and night (R 358, 364). He was given quinine (R 358, 364). In about 17 days he left the hospital (R 359, 364). After being released from the hospital he had to report back every Saturday (R 360, 364). Eight months later he had an attack of malaria, which recurred precisely every 3 weeks for 6 months (R 359, 363, 364, 365). The symptoms he felt were high fever, chills, and pains in the joints (R 359). Koch did not volunteer for the experiments nor did the other prisoners who were mostly Poles and Russians, who underwent the treatment with him (R 356, 362).
The prisoners were infected with malaria by the injections of the mosquitoes themselves or the injections of extracts of the mucous glands of the mosquitoes (R 157). After having contracted malaria the prisoners were treated in different ways (R 157). Some, as Father Koch, were given quinine (R 358). Others were given neosalvarsan, pyramidon, antipyrin, a drug numbered 92516, and several combinations of these (R 157). Some people died as a result of these experiments (R 158). Schilling was present when autopsies were performed on some of those persons (R 158). Whenever anyone died who had been injected with malaria, a report of that death was made to the accused Schilling and the chief doctor (R 158). Some of the victims died from the intoxication of neosalvarsan and pyramidon, for many individuals could not withstand large doses of these drugs (R 159). From the autopsy it could be determined that a patient died of neosalvarsan since the reactions were similar to arsenic (R 193, 194). In the beginning of 1944 three deaths resulted from the use of pyramidon (R 194). These people were brought directly from the malaria ward to the autopsy room (R 197). Two young Russian boys who were transferred from the malaria ward to the general medical ward died within a day after their arrival because of overdoses of pyramidon (R 394-395, 405). They had been sent to the general ward so that the official cause of death which would be stated would not be malaria (R 405). Pyramidon has a toxic on the blood corpuscles which causes them to disintegrate (R 195). Malaria was the direct cause of 30 deaths and as a result of complications, 300 to 400 more died (R 196, 197). People who had died directly from malaria had come straight from the malaria ward while the 300 to 400 others had undergone the malaria experiment (R 204). These people who had been subjected to malaria may later have died of tuberculosis, pneumonia, or dysentery (R 196). Some of the patients whom Dr. Schilling used had had tuberculosis before undergoing the experiments (R 11). Fever type diseases have adverse effects on tuberculosis (R 211). An index of the malaria diseased people was kept in the hospital office (R 198).
Schilling received various visitors such as Dr. Rabbit, who was a Reich SS physician at Oranienberg (R 192).
A pretrial affidavit of the accused Schilling executed in his own handwriting on 30 October 1945 before 2d Lieutenant Werner Conn was admitted into evidence (R 827, Pros. Ex. 122). This statement reads in pertinent part and in translation as follows:
“My name is Professor Dr. Claus Schilling. I have already worked on tropical diseases for 45 years. I came to the experimental station in Dachau in February 1942. I judge that I inoculated between 900 and 1,000 prisoners. Those were mostly inoculations for protection. These people, however, were not volunteers. The inmates whom I gave protective inoculations were not examined by me but by the current camp doctor. Before the inoculation there was usually an observation of several days. The last camp doctor was Dr. Hintermayer. As well as I can remember, in 3 years there were 49 patients who died outside the malaria station. The patients were always released by me as cured only after 1 year.