The evidence concerning the activities of the top experts and experts of the Euthanasia Program in the various concentration camps is corroborated by the affidavit of the camp doctor of the Dachau concentration camp, Dr. Muthig (NO-2799, Pros. Ex. 497), who states that in the fall of 1941, Professor Heyde, as leader of a commission of four psychiatrists, came to the Dachau concentration camp. This doctors commission selected inmates, unable to work, for extermination by gas. Heyde was the first top expert of the Euthanasia Program. (Tr. p. 2495.) The affidavit of Dr. Gorgass reveals that he and Dr. Schumann, both of whom were active in the Euthanasia Program, visited the Buchenwald concentration camp in June 1941. Gorgass states explicitly that the purpose of this trip was to acquaint himself with the assignment of concentration camp inmates to euthanasia institutions. This visit was made on the order of Brandt, and was transmitted by the defendant Brack. (NO-3010, Pros. Ex. 503.)
B. Non-German Nationals and Jews
Non-German nationals and Jews, who were inmates of the concentration camps, were victims of the Euthanasia Program which operated in these camps under the code name “14 f 13.” (NO-429, Pros. Ex. 281.)
A few documents submitted by the prosecution on one “14 f 13” action in Gross-Rosen show how the Euthanasia Program operated in concentration camps. The list of concentration camp inmates of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, who were sent to the Bernburg euthanasia station for extermination, contains many names of non-German nationals and non-German Jews. (NO-158, Pros. Ex. 410.) Jews in protective custody, Poles in protective custody, Jews who were habitual criminals, Jews who were “shirkers,” Jews who “defiled the race,” Czech “shirkers,” and Czechs in protective custody were among the inmates selected by the camp physicians for “examination” by the experts. (1151-PS, Pros. Ex. 411.)
By comparing the names on the lists contained on Documents NO-158 and 1151-PS, it is proved that, of the 240 names listed for extermination in the Bernburg euthanasia station, at least 51 were of Polish or Czech nationality. How many of the Jews listed were of non-German nationality cannot be ascertained from these documents, but a substantial number of them were born in countries other than Germany, as the list contained in Document NO-158 shows, and it is therefore apparent that a further substantial number of the inmates selected for extermination were of non-German nationality. (NO-158, Pros. Ex. 410; 1151-PS, Pros. Ex. 411.)
On 17 March 1942, 70 inmates were transferred to Bernburg for extermination. (NO-1873, Pros. Ex. 556.) Of these, 27 of the non-Jewish prisoners on the transport list were of Czech or Polish nationality. Compare transport list with list of inmates originally selected in Gross-Rosen. (1151-PS, Pros. Ex. 411.) On 19 March 1942 an additional 57 inmates arrived at Bernburg from Gross-Rosen. (NO-158, Pros. Ex. 410.) Of these, 15 of the non-Jewish prisoners of the transport list were of Czech or Polish nationality. Thus, of the total of 127 inmates proved to have been sent to Bernburg in March 1942, at least 42, or one-third of the total, were non-German citizens forcibly detained in an enemy country. That all of these inmates were exterminated in Bernburg is conclusively proved by the laconic report from Gross-Rosen to the Economic and Administrative Main Office that “special treatment of 127 prisoners was concluded on 2 April 1942.” (1234-PS, Pros. Ex. 555.)
This evidence as to Action 14 f 13 is amplified by the testimony of the witnesses Neff (Tr. pp. 600-605), Kogon (Tr. pp. 1210-13), Roemhild (Tr. pp. 1634-37, 1641), and Holl (Tr. p. 1060).
Non-German nationals and Jews other than those in concentration camps were not exempt from the program, and many of them were killed. Besides the evidence cited under A above, there is ample proof that non-German nationals were subjected to extermination from the beginning of 1940 through the war. (NO-1135, Pros. Ex. 334; NO-818, Pros. Ex. 373.) Jews of German and Polish nationality and stateless Jews were also subjected to the program. (NO-1310, Pros. Ex. 337.) Polish and Russian nationals and other non-German nationals were subjected to the program. (NO-720, Pros. Ex. 366.)
The questionnaires had a space provided for “race”, being defined: German or similar blood (of German blood), Jew, Jewish mixed breed Grades 1 or 2, Negro (mixed breed). (1696-PS, Pros. Ex. 357.) This question would have been completely unnecessary if non-Germans were exempted from the program. Questionnaires had to be filled out about all patients who were not of German nationality or German related blood, indicating their race and nationality. (NO-825, Pros. Ex. 358.) These questionnaires had to be processed by the experts. (Tr. p. 1881.) Those who were active in euthanasia never received an order that non-German nationals were to be excluded from the program. (NO-817, Pros. Ex. 368.) The witnesses Mennecke (Tr. pp. 1877, 1922) and Schmidt (Tr. pp. 1860-1) also testified to this effect. Hugo Suchomel, LL. D., the highest official after the Minister in the Austrian Federal Ministry of Justice, says in his affidavit that when Brack, as representative of the defendant Brandt, gave a lecture on euthanasia in the Ministry of Justice in 1942, he enumerated, as the classes of persons who were exempted from the program, the war-wounded and persons who had become insane as a result of air attacks. Foreigners and Jews were not mentioned among the groups of persons who were excluded. (NO-2253, Pros. Ex. 557.) Brack admits having held the lecture. (Tr. p. 7589.)
As early as 1939 inmates of insane asylums in occupied Poland were killed. (3816-PS, Pros. Ex. 370.) In the autumn of 1940, funds for the evacuation of 1,558 inmates of mental institutions of East Prussia and approximately 250 to 300 insane Poles were made available by the defendant Brack, who was the administrative executive of the Euthanasia Program. As these transfers were carried out by a special detachment (Sonderkommando) of the infamous SD, which was used for special tasks, there is no doubt that these insane Poles were killed. (NO-2909, Pros. Ex. 500; NO-2911, Pros. Ex. 501.) In September 1941, an order was issued that the inmates of the insane asylums in Russia, in the occupation zone of the German Army Group “Nord,” were to be killed. (NO-1758, Pros. Ex. 444.)