November, 1908.
CONTENTS
| page | |
| INTRODUCTION | [15] |
| CHAPTER I historical review | [23] |
| CHAPTER II on the canal as it is to be | [45] |
| CHAPTER III on the present condition of the culebra cut, and on the methods employed for excavation and disposal of the spoil | [79] |
| CHAPTER IV the men on the isthmus | [99] |
| CHAPTER V health on the isthmus and the future of the white race in the tropics | [119] |
| CHAPTER VI on the shortening of distances by sea, and on the steamships available for canal transit | [151] |
| CHAPTER VII the cost of the canal | [171] |
| INDEX | [179] |
ILLUSTRATIONS
| MAKERS OF THE CANAL | [Frontispiece] |
| to face page | |
| STATUE OF COLUMBUS, CHRISTOBAL, COLON | [18] |
| CHRISTCHURCH, COLON | [18] |
| LOCK AND DAM SITE, GATUN (The house is on the crest-line of the dam, which will extend to the hills on the right) | [26] |
| EXCAVATING FOR THE DOUBLE FLIGHT OF THREE LOCKS AT GATUN (In fine-grained argillaceous sandstone rock) | [26] |
| RE-LOCATION OF RAILWAY ABOVE GATUN DAM (The trestle embankment will run as a causeway across a bay of the lake) | [30] |
| MOTOR TROLLEY FOR INSPECTION OF WORKS (In the background are screened houses of employees) | [30] |
| TROPICAL FOREST, WITH HEAVY GROWTH OF PARASITIC PLANTS | [36] |
| JUNGLE WITH PIPE THROUGH WHICH OIL IS CONVEYED BY GRAVITATION ACROSS THE ISTHMUS | [36] |
| CHAGRES RIVER NEAR BARBACOES (In the dry season—looking down stream) | [42] |
| CHAGRES RIVER NEAR OBISPO (In the dry season) | [42] |
| FRENCH DREDGER LAID UP (Several of these have recently been put in use again) | [48] |
| FRENCH TRUCKS PARTLY COVERED WITH FOREST GROWTH (Many of these were used at first by the Americans, but are now replaced by larger ones) | [48] |
| EXCAVATION NEAR TAVERNILLA | [52] |
| RIVER CHAGRES AND RAILWAY NEAR GORGONA | [52] |
| LIDGERWOOD UNLOADER, WINDING APPARATUS | [56] |
| ANOPHELES BRIGADE OILING A DITCH | [56] |
| 100-TON WRECKING CRANE, GORGONA | [62] |
| INTERIOR OF MACHINE SHOP, GORGONA | [62] |
| MACHINE SHOPS, GORGONA | [66] |
| CLUB HOUSE FOR EMPLOYEES, GORGONA (Managed by the Y.M.C.A.) | [66] |
| EXCAVATION IN THE CUT | [72] |
| PIPE FOR DIVERSION OF A RIVER, NEAR EMPIRE | [72] |
| IN THE CUT, WIDTH 500 FEET | [76] |
| IN THE CUT, LOOKING SOUTH TOWARDS CULEBRA (The gorge between Golden and Silver Hills just visible) | [76] |
| ROCK DRILL (These machines bore a hole 30 feet deep in eight hours) | [82] |
| ROCK DRILLS AT WORK IN THE CUT | [82] |
| THE CUT, LOOKING NORTH FROM CULEBRA | [86] |
| THE CUT, LOOKING SOUTH FROM CULEBRA | [86] |
| FROM CULEBRA, LOOKING EAST TO DISTANT HILLS | [92] |
| FROM CULEBRA, LOOKING EAST ACROSS THE CUT (Terraces formed by landslip are just visible behind the smoke of a distant steam shovel) | [92] |
| FROM CULEBRA, LOOKING EAST TO GOLDEN HILL (Showing excavation in steps and ledges. Each ledge has carried a railway track) | [96] |
| THE CUT AT CULEBRA, LOOKING NORTH (The scarped face of Golden Hill on the right. Taken April, 1908, in the then bottom of the cut, 120 feet above Canal bottom) | [96] |
| GANG OF WEST INDIAN LABOURERS (Unloading spoil-train at Gatun) | [102] |
| GANG OF SPANISH LABOURERS AT CULEBRA (Working in the sun in April, which is one of the hottest months, less than 10 degrees from the equator. The men are wearing European kit) | [102] |
| STEAM SHOVEL EXCAVATING SOIL AT CULEBRA | [106] |
| STEAM SHOVEL UNLOADING INTO A DIRT CAR | [106] |
| STEAM SHOVEL NEAR END OF STROKE (The marks of the teeth made in a former stroke are visible on the right. Golden Hill, with the highest berm, or ledge, in the distance) | [112] |
| STEAM SHOVEL, STROKE FINISHED, LOADED WITH SOIL | [112] |
| STEAM SHOVEL AT CULEBRA | [116] |
| SHOVEL-MEN AT CULEBRA | [116] |
| SCREENED BUNGALOW, CHRISTOBAL, COLON | [122] |
| SCREENED QUARTERS OF EMPLOYEES, CULEBRA | [122] |
| READING ROOM, EMPLOYEES' CLUB, CULEBRA | [126] |
| HALL OF EMPLOYEES' CLUB, CULEBRA | [126] |
| CUT SOUTH OF CULEBRA, LANDSLIP ON LEFT | [132] |
| LOOKING NORTH, THE SCARPED FACE OF GOLDEN HILL ON THE RIGHT | [132] |
| LOOKING NORTH FROM RAILWAY BRIDGE AT PARAISO | [136] |
| ABANDONED FRENCH MACHINERY | [136] |
| GANG OF EUROPEAN LABOURERS (IN 1907) | [142] |
| A FORMER HOT-BED OF MALARIA, NOW DRAINED | [142] |
| NEAR THE SITE OF MILAFLORES LOCKS | [146] |
| LOOKING NORTH TO CULEBRA DIVIDE FROM ANCON HILL | [146] |
| RIO GRANDE, NEAR LA BOCA | [154] |
| RIO GRANDE, FROM ANCON HILL (Country north of that shown in the last photograph) | [154] |
| LA BOCA, FROM ANCON HILL | [158] |
| ANCON CEMETERY | [158] |
| COMMISSION'S HOTEL AT ANCON | [162] |
| ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, ANCON | [162] |
| VIEW FROM SPANISH FORT, PANAMA | [166] |
| CATHEDRAL SQUARE, PANAMA | [166] |
| PALACE OF PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA | [174] |
| OLD FLAT ARCH AT PANAMA (Adduced as evidence of comparative freedom of Panama from destructive earthquakes) | [174] |
| MAP OF CANAL ZONE (Showing also profile of Canal, cross section of Culebra Cut, the borings below Gatun dam, and the cross section of Gatun dam as designed in April, 1908. The design of this dam, however, is still undergoing modifications) | [At end of volume] |