The Panama Canal and Its Makers

by Vaughan Cornish

INDEX

A
Abbot, Brigadier-General Hy. L., [76]
Alhajuela, [77]
America, South, possibilities for white peasantry, [148-9]
Anopheles mosquito, see also Malaria, [132], [137]
Antwerp, port of, see Distances
Arango, Mr. R.M., [77]
Aspinwall, W.H., and colleagues construct Panama Railway, [30]
Asiatic ports, see Distances
Australia, see Distances
B
Barbadians as labourers, [104]
Bohio, abandoned site of dam, [70]
C
California, rush of gold-seekers to, [29]
Canal, Panama, national and commercial status defined, [39-43]
" " tide-level schemes, 52, [54-55]
" " curvatures of, [60]
" " time of transit through, [64]
" " date of completion, [95-6]
" Suez, opened 1869, [30]
" " effect on value of Panama route, [30]
" " dimensions and cost, [59], [173]
Caribbean Sea, Spain unable to protect her ships in, [27]
Chagres, River, course of, [48]
" " sudden rise of, [51]
Charles V. of Spain, canal project, [26]
Children, white, health of, on Isthmus, [143]
Climate of the Isthmus, [140-2]
Clubs for employees, [143]
Colombia (formerly New Granada), treaty with United States, 1846, [28]
" Senate of, does not accept offer of United States, 1903, [38]
" want of sea-power, [39]
Colon, protection from "northers," [78]
" yellow fever in, [129]
Columbus discovers Bay of Limon, [25]
Commission, Isthmian Canal, Report of 1901, [36-37]
" " " a second appointed, [113]
" " " a third appointed, [114]
Congress, appoints Isthmian Canal Commission, 1899, [25]
" "Spooner" Act of, [37-58]
Congress, Act of, sanctioning 85-foot-level canal, 1906, [53]
Constantinople, conquest by Turks, 1453, [25]
Contract Construction of Canal, proposed by Second Commission, [114]
Cortes searches for a strait, [26]
Culebra, view of works from, described, [84-90]
" Cut, form and dimensions of, [81-84]
" " amount excavated in, [94]
Currents in Canal advanced as objection to tide-level scheme, [55]
" tidal, below Milaflores, [66]
D
Dam, Bohio, abandoned, [70]
" Gamboa, controlling feature of tide-level scheme, [54], [57]
" Gatun, as proposed in minority report of Board of Consulting Engineers, [56-58]
" " plans of, April, 1908, [70-74]
" Milaflores, [69]
" Pedro Miguel, [69]
De Lesseps, Ferdinand, forms First Panama Canal Company, 1879, [31]
" " plan for tide-level canal, [52]
Depew, Senator, on the cost of operating American ships, [168]
Dimensions of Panama and other Canals, [59-61]
Distances, Shortening of, by Suez Canal, [160]
" " " by Panama Canal, [153-165]
" " " to Pacific Coast of North America, [155], [156]
" " " to Pacific Coast of South America, [155], [156]
" " " to Asiatic ports, [158], [159], [161], [162]
" " " Australian and New Zealand ports, [158], [161], [162]
E
Employees, number of, on Canal Zone, [112]
Engineers, French, ability of, [32]
" Board of Consulting, Majority Scheme for tide-level canal, [53-55]
" " " " Minority Scheme for high-level canal, [56-70]
" names of chief, [113-115]
" Corps of, U.S.A., and public works, [115]
Excavation, amount of, by French Companies, [94]
" " " by American Commission, [94]
F
Fever, Yellow, [121-132]
" " geographical distribution of, [130-131]
" Malarial, see Malaria
Floods of the Chagres River, [51]
" control of, [54]
Forests, tropical, insulate the Canal Zone, [39]
Fortifications for defence of the Canal, [40], [78]
French Companies, excavation accomplished by, [94]
" Engineers, ability of, [32]
" Investors, [31-32]
G
Gallinger, Senator, on the lack of U.S. steamships trading with foreign ports, [167-8]
Gamboa, site of controlling dam of the tide-level scheme, [54]
Gatun dam, see Dam
" Lake, [56], [69]
" locks, see Locks
Germany, steamships of, cost of operating as compared with American steamships, [169]
Goethals, Colonel George W., Corps of Engineers, [20]
" " " " appointed Chairman of Commission and Chief Engineer,
April, 1907, [115]
"Gold Roll," see Labour, skilled
" " Europeans on, [110]
Golden Hill, highest original level at, [82]
Gorgas, Colonel W.C, M.D., head of Department of Sanitation, [113], [125], [126], [130]
" " " " on the future of the white race in the tropics, [144-5]
Gorgona, workshops at, [97]
Grant, President, recommends construction of Isthmian Canal, 1869, [34]
Greeks as labourers, [107]
Gulf ports, see Distances
H
Hamburg, see Distances
Harbours, at terminals of Canal, [78]
Havana, yellow fever at, [123]
Hotels, Commission's, for employees, [111]
I
Indies, East, original objective of Canal project, [26]
Ismailia, effect of malaria at, [14]
Italians as labourers, [107], [108]
" as peasantry in the tropics, [149]
J
Jamaica, effect of Canal on position of, [164]
Jamaicans as labourers, [104]
" as policemen, [105]
Japan, steamships of, to use Canal, [169]
" see Distances
K
Kiel Canal, dimensions of, [59-61]
" " cost, [173]
Kingston, see Jamaica
L
La Boca, tide at, [65]
" " scheme for locks abandoned, [67]
Labour on the Isthmus, Chinese proposed, [106]
" " " West Indian, [101-106]
" " " European, [106-110]
" " " skilled, [110-112]
" white, in tropical countries, [140-150]
" Panamanian, [134]
Limon, Bay of, discovered by Columbus, [25]
Liverpool, see Distances
Lock at Pedro Miguel, depth of water above, [68]
" gates described, [63]
Locks, dimensions of proposed, [60], [62]
" at Gatun, distance from deep water, [62]
" " Gatun, course of Canal below, [62]
" " depth of water above, [68]
" at Milaflores, variable lift of, [65]
Longitude, meridians between which distances viâ Suez and Panama are equal, [162]
M
McKinley, President, [35]
Magellan, Straits of, discovered 1520, [26]
Malaria, [132-137], [146]
Manchester Ship Canal, cost of, [173]
Manila, distance from New York viâ Suez and viâ Panama, [159]
Marines, U.S., force of on Isthmus, [118]
Mauretania, s.s., dimensions of, [59], [60]
Meteorology of Isthmus, [76]
Mexico, war of United States with, [28]
Milaflores, see Dams and Locks
Mississippi, basin of, [164]
N
Naos, Isle of, [67], [92]
New Granada, treaty of U.S. with, [28]
New York, see Distances
New Zealand, see Distances
Nicaragua, canal route through, [28], [37]
O
Obispo, change in course of Chagres River at, [48]
Oregon, battleship, voyage of, 1898, [34]
Organisation, efficiency of, in 1907 and 1908 compared, [86-88]
P
Panama Canal Company, First, formed 1879, [31]
" " " " in liquidation 1889, [33]
" " " New, formed, [33]
" " " " accepts offer of $40,000,000, [37]
" " " " work of, [50]
" Isthmus of, topography, [47]
" Province of, revolts, [38]
" Railway, completed 1855, [29]
" " purchased by First P. C. Company, [32]
" " relaying of, [97]
" Republic of, independence guaranteed by U.S., [38], [39]
Pedro Miguel, see Dams and Locks
Peru, Spanish possessions in, protected by Isthmus, [27]
Police, force of, [117]
Pneumonia among negroes in the tropics, [139]
Plague, bubonic, [139]
R
Rainfall on the Isthmus, [51]
Reed discovers cause of yellow fever, [124]
Rio Grande, valley of, [49]
Ross, Ronald, discovers cause of malaria, [123]
Roosevelt, President, [53], [96]
Root, the Hon. Elihu, [168]
S
St. Lawrence, the, a supposed route to China, [26]
San Blas route, [36]
Sanitation, Department of, [118], [125], [128], [133], [139]
Sea-power, importance of, in Isthmian affairs, [39]
Societies, benevolent, in the Canal Zone, [144]
Spaniards as navvies and as peasantry in tropics, [108-110], [149]
Spanish War, voyage of Oregon during, [34]
Steam shovel, rate of loading by, [91]
Steamships available for Canal transit, [165-169]
" relative cost of operating American and European, [169]
Stegomyia mosquito, mode of infection by, [124]
Stephens, John F., chief engineer 1905-1907, [113-114]
T
Tide, range of, at La Boca, [65]
Tolls on the Panama Canal equal for all nations, [43]
Tourists, attractions for, on the Isthmus, [89]
Track-shifter, the, [91]
Transportation of spoil in Culebra Cut, [91-93]
Treaty between U.S. and New Granada, 1846, [28], [38]
" " " Great Britain (Clayton-Bulwer) 1850, 29
" " " Great Britain (Hay-Pauncefote) 1901, 19, [37], [40]
" " " Republic of Panama, 1903, [39], [40], [42]
Tropics, future of white race in, [140-150]
U
United States, civil war in, interrupts Canal scheme, [30]
Unloader, the, for dirt-cars, [91]
W
Wages on the Isthmus, see Labour
Wallace, John F., chief engineer, 1904-1905, [113]
Water supply for high-level canal, [74-77]
West Indians, relations with American employers, [102-104]
" " immunity from yellow fever, [122]
" " see also Labour
White race, future of, in tropics, [140-150]
Women, white, life of, on Isthmus, [142]
Y
Y.M.C.A. and management of clubs, [144]
Z
Zone, the Canal, [19]

UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GRESHAM PRESS, WOKING AND LONDON.