[191] Giuditta Pasta (1798-1865), née Negri, a famous Italian operatic singer of Jewish birth. Her celebrity commenced in 1822, the year in which Chateaubriand is writing, and lasted until 1835, when she retired into private life.—T.
[192] Inferno, I.—B.
[193] Order of Marriage according to the Catholic ritual.—T.
[194] Admiral Sir John Sutton was gazetted an Admiral of the Blue on the 12th of August 1819. I have no certainty that either Ives or Sutton (spelt Sulton in the original) are the real names of the individuals of whom Chateaubriand speaks, although I have succeeded in establishing that there was a clergyman of the name of Ives residing at Bungay in 1795, and an Admiral Sir John Sutton on the Navy List in 1822.—T.
[195] Jacques Callot (1593-1635), a painter, engraver, and etcher of the first order; his works amount to nearly 1600 pieces, and include an array of immensely powerful grotesque subjects, in which he caricatures the vices and absurdities of mankind.—T.
[196] Vir., ‚Æn., I. 357.—B.
[197] Chateaubriand began to write the Essai in 1794; the work was printed in London in 1796, and published in the beginning of 1797. It formed one volume, large 8vo, of 681 pages, without counting prefaces, tables of contents, etc. The full title ran: Essai historique, politique et moral sur les Révolutions anciennes et modernes, considérées dans leur rapports avec la Révolution françaises. Dédié à tous les partis. With this epigraph: Experti invicem sumus ego et fortuna.—Tacite. And at the foot of the title-page: A Londres: Se trouve chez J. Deboffe, Gerrard-Street; J. Debrett, Piccadilly; Mme. Lowes, Pall-Mall; A. Dulau et Co., Wardour-Street; Bodsey, Broad-Street; et J.-F. Fauche, à Hambourg. The author's name did not appear in the first edition.—B.
[198] Auguste Jacques Lemierre (circa 1760-1815). He also translated Thomson's Castle of Indolence and some German works. He died in hospital, under a false name, of a disease arising from his excesses.—T.
[199] Antoine Marin Lemierre (1723-1793), the author of two didactic poems and several tragedies, some of which achieved great success. His versification is considered incorrect and harsh, but some of his poems contain passages of great beauty.—T.
[200] Corinne, XIV. i.—B.