[529] Ravenna finally passed to the Papal States in 1509.—T.
[530] Giuliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II. (1443-1513), elected to the Papacy in 1503.—T.
[531] Giovanni Cardinal de' Medici, later Pope Leo X. (1475-1521), was created a cardinal at the age of thirteen, fought for Pope Julius II. at Ravenna, in 1512, where he was taken prisoner, and was elected successor to Julius on his death in the following year.—T.
[532] Ludovico Ariosto (1474-1533), the celebrated Italian poet and author of Orlando Furioso.—T.
[533] Pierre du Terrail, Seigneur de Bayard (1476-1524), the Chevalier sans peur et sans reproche.—T.
[534] Gaston de Foix, Maréchal Duc de Nemours (1489-1512), defeated the Papal and Spanish forces at the celebrated Battle of Ravenna, on the 11th of April 1512, but was killed while pursuing the beaten enemy.—T.
[535] Caterina Sforza (d. 1460), natural daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, and widow of Girolamo Riario, Lord of Imola and Forli, sustained a siege at Forli against Cæsar Borgia, and was captured in the breach with her son Ottaviano. Louis XII. caused her to be set at liberty. She had taken a Medici for her second husband, and died at Florence.—T.
[536] Inferno, Canto VII. 75.—B.
[537] Annibale della Genga, Pope Leo XII. (1760-1829), elected to the Papacy in 1823.—T.
[538] Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, Roman Emperor (circa 53-117), succeeded the Emperor Nerva in 98. The Arch of Trajan was erected at Ancona in 112; it is of white marble, stands at the end of the break-water, and is perhaps the best-proportioned of all the Roman triumphal arches.—T.