[578] Edmund II. King of England (circa 989-1016), surnamed Ironside, son of Ethelred the Unready, whom he succeeded in 1016, himself dying in the same year.—T.
[579] Henry IV. abjured Calvinism in 1593, in order to secure his recognition as King of France.—T.
[580] In the royal domain of Chantilly.—T.
[581] Blondel (fl. 12th Century), the French troubadour, said to have found Richard Cœur-de-Lion, in the castle in which the King was confined, by singing under his tower a song which the two had composed.—T.
[582] Leopold I. or V. Duke of Austria (1157-1194) took Richard prisoner in Austria, in December 1192, and kept him in the Castle of Dürrenstein until March 1193, when the King was transferred to the Emperor Henry VI.—T.
[583] Charles VI. King of France (1368-1422) succeeded to the throne in 1380, but became deranged in 1392, four years after he had assumed the government. Cards are generally supposed to have been invented about this time to amuse the unfortunate King: "they were invented," I have heard it said, "to amuse a fool and they have amused fools ever since."—T.
[584] Oger, or Ogier, or Outcaire, or Adalgarius (fl. 9th Century), the Danish paladin of Charlemagne, gives his name, in the French pack of playing-cards, to the Knave of Spades.—T.
[585] Étienne de Vignoles, known as Lahire (circa 1390-1443), the valiant captain of Charles VII., has the Knave of Hearts called after him on French cards.—T.
[586] Cf. Vol. III. p. 129, n. 4. The Baron Capelle was Minister of Commerce in the last Cabinet under Charles X.—T.
[587] Charles Le Mercher de Longpré, Baron d'Haussez (1778-1854), Minister of Marine in the Polignac Cabinet, fled from France in 1830 and went to England, where he wrote his Grande Bretagne en 1833, the work referred to. Subsequently he travelled in Holland, Germany and Italy, describing his journey in the Voyage d'un exilé (1835) and in Alpes et Danube (1837). He returned to France in consequence of the political amnesty decreed in 1837.—T.