[150] Francis IV. Duke of Modena (1799-1847) was the grandson of the Empress Maria Theresa and nephew of Marie-Antoinette. The Congress of Vienna, in 1815, reinstated him in his Duchy, of which his grandfather, Hercules III., had been dispossessed by the French in 1797. He married Mary Beatrice, daughter of King Victor Emanuel I. of Sardinia and Heiress in Line of the Stuarts, who is known to Legitimists as Mary III. Queen of England (Cf. Vol. IV., p. 251, n. 1). Francis IV. was almost the only European potentate who refused to recognise the sovereignty of Louis-Philippe. On the 14th of November 1846, his daughter, Maria Theresa, married the Comte de Chambord (King Henry V. of France).—T.
[151] Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), author of the Principe and other works of state-craft.—T.
[152] Cf. Byron: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Canto IV., Stanzas XXX-XXXIV.—T.
[153] Titus Livius (59 b.c.—17 a.c.), the historian, was born at Padua,—T.
[154] Publius Virgilius Maro (70 b.c.—19 b.c.) was born at Urbino.—T.
[155] Caius Valerius Catullus (circa 87 b.c.—circa 54 b.c.) was born at Verona.—T.
[156] Ludovico Ariosto (1474-1533) was born at Reggio di Modena.—T.
[157] Giovanni Battista Guarini (1537-1612), the noted diplomatist and poet, author of the Pastor fido, was born at Ferrara.—T.
[158] Tito Vespasiano Strozzi (1422-1501) and his son, Ercole Strozzi (1471-1508), the Latin poets, were both born at Ferrara.—T.
[159] Ercole Bentivoglio (circa 1512-1573), the poet and diplomatist, was born at Bologna; Guido Cardinal Bentivoglio (1579-1644), Nuncio to Flanders (1607) and France (1617) and author of Della Guerra di Flandra (1633-1639), Letters (1631) and Memoirs (1648), was born at Ferrara, as was Cornelio Cardinal Bentivoglio, Archbishop of Carthage (1668-1732), Nuncio to France and the author of some sonnets and a translation of Statius' Thebais.—T.