B. This is a time when the ground is covered with snow.

C. Therefore this is a time when there has been a snowfall.

For the purpose of extreme simplicity we may represent these two processes by the following formula:

I. A posteriori reasoning.

1. A is preceded by B

2. This is A

3. Therefore it is preceded by B.

II. A priori reasoning.

1. A is followed by B

2. This is A