Besides these works Hugo wrote many articles, some of which appeared subsequently in complete editions of his works. The most remarkable of these are Journal des idées, des opinions et des lectures dun jeune Jacobite. 1819.
Les Destins de la Vendée. 1819.
Sur Walter Scott. 1823.
Sur Lord Byron (à propos de sa mort). 1824.
Guerre aux démolisseurs. 1825-32.
Journal des idées et des opinions d'un révolutionnaire de 1830.
Sur Mirabeau. 1834.
La Libération du territoire. 1873.
Many political articles, speeches, and prefaces.
IV
STUDY AND CRITICISM.
The studies and criticisms on Hugo form a large and ever-increasing library. The most remarkable among them are the following:
SAINTE-BEUVE. Critiques et Portraits littéraires. Articles on Victor Hugo. 1832.
GUSTAVE PLANCHE. Nouveaux portraits littéraires. Studies and criticisms on some of Hugo's plays. 1832-8.
Revue des Deux Mondes, passim. Articles by Gustave Planche, A. Fontaney, and Charles Magnin.
CHARLES ASSELINEAU. Mélanges d'une bibliothèque romantique. 1867.
LEONARD DE LOMÉNIE. Galerie des contemporains illustres. Vol. I. 1879.
GUSTAVE DESSOFFY (le comte). Discours sur la vie littéraire de Victor Hugo. 1845.
ELISA CHEVALIER. La Vérité sur Victor Hugo. 1850.
EUGÈNE DE MIRECOURT. Victor Hugo. 1854.
HIPPOLYTE CASTILLE. Victor Hugo.
A. MAZURE. Les Poètes contemporains.
ERNEST HAMEL. Victor Hugo. 1860.
ALFRED NETTEMENT. Victor Hugo. 1862.
MADAME VICTOR HUGO. Victor Hugo, raconté par un témoin de sa vie. 2 vols. 1863.
PAUL DE SAINT-VICTOR. Victor Hugo. 1885.
E. DUPUIS. Victor Hugo, l'homme et le poète. 1897.
PETIT DE JULLEVILLE. Histoire de la littérature française. 1894-1900.
CH. RENOUVIER. Victor Hugo, le Poète et le philosophe. 2 vols. 1900.
A. SLEUMER. Die Dramen von Hugo. Berlin, 1901.
GASTON DESCHAMPS. Conférences sur Victor Hugo. 1898.
ÉMILE FAGUET. Histoire de la littérature française. 1900.
And a host of articles by such critics as Émile Montégut, Émile Augier, Edmond Scherer, without speaking of the innumerable notes and criticisms which have appeared on Hugo and his work in daily papers and periodicals both in France and in foreign countries.
V.
PORTRAITS.
These are extremely numerous, but previously to 1851, that is, before Hugo left France, they all represent him as a clean-shaven man. After his exile Hugo grew a beard, hence the alteration so noticeable in the portraits subsequent to 1851.