Oriental Rugs, Antique and Modern

by W. A. Hawley

INDEX[42]

• A
• Abbas, Shah, [88], [ 89], [169], [211];
  • pattern named after, [105];
  • sent artisans to India, [111];
  • rug industry declined after death of, [112].
• Abraham, [23], [31].
• Acacia used as a dye, [40], [41].
• Accadians, [23].
• Adighies, [209].
• Afghan rugs, [293], [304], [305];
  • geometric designs of, [62];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [53], [56], [57], [235].
  • Rugs described, [243], [244], [245];
  • border stripes, [251].
• Afghan tribes, [90].
• Afghanistan, [41], [103], [233], [243], [244];
  • camel’s wool of, [82].
• Afshar rugs, [100], [286];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51].
  • Rugs described, [155].
• Aga Mohammed Khan pillaged Kirman, [113].
• Agamemnon, [166].
• Agra, [255], [257].
• Agra rugs described, [257].
• Akbar, Shah, [28];
  • received assistance from Shah Abbas, [29];
  • established rug weaving at Lahore, [94];
  • imported Persian weavers, [253];
  • carpet factory of, [256].
• Ak-Hissar, [175].
• Ak-Hissar rugs, 101.
  • Rugs described, [175], [176].
• Ak-kal, oasis of, [238].
• Albana, [204].
• Alexander the Great, [169], [181], [246];
  • destroyed Shiraz, [115];
  • built walls at Derbend, [204].
• Alhambra, [25].
• Ali Riza, Imam, [110].
• Allahabad, [258].
• Allahabad rugs described, [258].
• Altai Mts., [29];
  • original home of the Turks, [26].
• Altman, Benjamin, [85].
• Alum, used as a mordant, [40], [41].
• Amritsar, [255], [258].
• Amritsar rugs, [101], [257], 305.
  • Rugs described, [255].
• Amu Daria. _See_ Oxus river.
• Anatolia, [163], [ 182];
  • the “Land of the Rising Sun,” [187].
• Anatolian rugs, [101], [176], [190], [289], [290];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [63].
  • Rugs described, [187], [188], [189];
  • border stripes, [195].
• Angora, [27], [185], [187];
  • goat’s wool, [32].
• Anilines. _See_ Dyes.
• Animal carpets, [86], [87].
• Anjuman Industrial Art School, [259].
• Anoschar, [76].
• Anti-Taurus Mts., [140], [187], [190].
• Arabia, [24], [29], [32].
• Arabic features in rugs, [85];
  • notation, [296];
  • symbolism in Western Kurdistan rugs, [141].
• Arabs, in Persia, [103];
  • overran Turkestan, [234].
• Ararat, Mt., [103], [219].
• Aras river, [151], [157], [224].
• Ardebil, Persian capital under Ismael, [ 28];
  • mosque of, [82], [127].
• Ardebil carpet, [15];
• described, [83], [84].
• Ardelan district, [100], [129], [133], [153].
• Armenia, [209];
  • origin of some Caucasian border stripes of, [226], [228], [229].
• Armenian rugs, [91], [170], [209], [220];
  • designs derived from, [64], [65], [67], [209], [214], [215].
  • Rugs described, [91].
• Armenians in Persia, [103];
  • in Mosul, [103].
• Artaxerxes, [103].
• Aryan races, in India, [28];
  • in Persia, [103];
  • in Caucasia, [197];
  • in Turkestan, [234];
  • floral ornamentation employed by, [62].
• Asburg used as a dye, [41].
• Astrabad, [241].
• Astrakan, market for Bokharas, [235];
  • for caravans from Khiva, [240].
• Auctions, [306].
• Ayyampet, [259].
• Azerbijan province, [26], [145], [147], [148], [149], [153].
• B
• Baber, Shah, [28].
• Babylon, [23], [24], [74], [102], 103.
• • Bagdad, [81], [138], [152];
  • carpets covering the floors of, [25];
  • captured by Tartars, [27].
  • by Solyman the Magnificent, [28].
• Bajazet, defeated by Tamerlane, [27];
  • Karaman subject to, [188].
• Bakshis rugs described, [148].
• Baku, [210], [214].
• Baku rugs, [101], [292];
  • pear design in, [70], [129], [153], [198], [202].
  • Rugs described, [210], [211], [212];
  • border stripes, [229].
• Bangalore, [259], [261].
• Bangalore rugs, [101], 259.
  • Rugs described, [261].
• Barbarossa, Frederic, [181].
• Bardini, Stefano, [85].
• Bastard teak used as a dye, [39].
• Bedouins, [103].
• Belshazzar, [24].
• Beluches, in Kirman, [113];
  • untamed tribes of, [248].
• Beluchistan, [233].
• Beluchistan rugs, [205], [234], [239], [301], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [53], [56], [57];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • geometric designs in, [62];
  • S design in, [64];
  • zigzag line in, [66];
  • reciprocal trefoil in, [160], [230].
  • Rugs described, [248], [249];
  • border stripes, [251].
• Beni-Hassan, tombs of, [74].
• Bergamo rugs, [101], [289], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [50], [52], [53], [54], [57];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [63];
  • prevailing colour tone of, [178].
  • Rugs described, [166], [167], [168];
  • border stripes, [193].
• Berlin gallery, [92].
• Beshire rugs, [101], [233], [293];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • S design in, [65];
  • zigzag line in, [66].
  • Rugs described, [243];
  • border stripes, [251].
• Bibikabad, town of, [154].
• Bibikabad rugs described, [155].
• Bijar, [129], [136].
• Bijar rugs, [100], [153], [256], [286], [288], [302], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [52];
  • compared with Persian-Kurdistans and Mosuls, [143].
  • Rugs described, [136], [137];
  • border stripes, [157], [159], [160].
• Birbul’s blue used as a dye, [40].
• Bird figures in rugs. _See_ Designs.
• Birdwood, Sir George, cited, [62], [70], [94], [122], [138];
  • quoted, [59], [241], [253], [258], [259], [260].
• Birjand, [108].
• Bishop, Mrs. I. B., quoted, [138].
• Bode, Dr. Wm., cited, [79], [227], [228].
• Bogolubow, A., cited, [233].
• Böhler, J., cited, [79].
• Bokhara, [100], [ 110], [245];
  • captured by Genghis Khan, [26];
  • the “Noble,” [236].
• Bokhara rugs, [100], [243], [305];
  • goat’s hair in, [32];
  • technicalities in weave of, [50], [52], [53].
• Bokhara, Princess, rugs, [101], [233], [235], [293];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61].
  • Rugs described, [237], [238];
  • border stripes, [250], [251].
• Bokhara, Royal, rugs, [101], [103], [233], [241], [242], [243], [244], [293], [304];
  • compared with Princess, [237];
  • the arch compared with that of Tekkes, [239].
  • Rugs described, [235], [236];
  • border stripes, [250], [251].
• Border stripes, defined, [59];
  • Persian, described, [156], [157], [158], [159], [160];
  • Asia Minor, described, [192], [193], [194], [195];
  • Caucasian, described, [225], [226], [227], [228], [229], [230], [231];
  • Central Asiatic, described, [250], [251];
  • Chinese, described, [273], [274], [275].
• Boston Museum of Fine Arts, [94].
• Brahoes, [248].
• British Museum, [82].
• Broussa, 181.
  • Rugs described, [181].
• Buckthorns used as a dye, [39].
• Buddhism, influence on Asiatic art, [16];
  • on symbolism, [58];
  • the lotus an emblem of, [69].
• Buddhist emblems, [271], [274].
• Burujird, [131].
• Burujird rugs described, [131].
• Butea fondosa used as a dye, [39].
• Butti lac used as a dye, 39.
• C
• Cæsarea. _See_ Kaisariyeh.
• Caïcus valley, [166].
• Cairo, Caliphs in, [25];
• • Mecca rugs sold in, [118].
• Caliphate, [20], [76].
• Caliphs, [24], [25], [77], [90], [91], [115];
  • prayer rugs in time of, [85];
  • Ispahan under, [111];
  • Kirman rugs in palaces of, [113];
  • Tabriz rugs known in days of, [145].
• Caliph Hisham, carpet of, [76].
• Camel’s hair. _See_ Wool.
• Carduchis, [140].
• Caria. _See_ Melez.
• Chaldees, [23];
  • symbolism derived from, [66].
• Chardin cited, [113].
• Charles Martel, [25].
• Chehel Sutoon, enormous carpet of, [112].
• Che-Hwang-te, [26].
• Chichi rugs, [100], [290], [292];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • Kazaks contrasted with, [220].
  • Rugs described, [207], [208];
  • border stripes, [226], [231].
• Chinese fret, [67], [165];
  • influence, [293];
  • medallions, [272], [273].
• Chosroes I, “Spring of Chosroes” carpet made for, [76].
• Chunam wool, [261], [301].
• Churchill, Sidney, A. T., quoted, [131].
• Cinnabar used as a dye, [40], [41].
• Circassians. _See_ Tcherkess.
• Clark, Sir Purdon, cited, [112].
• Clotilde Clam-Gallas, Countess, cited, [80].
• Coccus cacti used as a dye, [38].
• Coccus ilicus used as a dye, [38].
• Coccus lacca used as a dye, [38].
• Cochineal used as a dye, [38].
• Cochran, Wm. Alexander Smith, [86].
• Coconada, [259].
• Colour, the artistic value of, [18];
  • the symbolism of, [59], [72].
• Cone design. _See_ Designs.
• Constantinople, [27], [98], [99], [118], [181], [197], [209];
  • Persian weavers taken to, [28];
  • silk carpets sent to Sultan of, [87].
• Conventions in art, [16].
• Cordova, [25].
• Cossacks, [218], [219].
• Cotton, used in weaving [30];
  • mercerized, [30].
• Cow’s hair used in weaving, [30], [33].
• Crocus used as a dye, [39].
• Crœsus, [163].
• Crown jewel design. _See_ Designs.
• Ctesiphon, [76], [102], [103].
• Cufic lettering, in Altman carpet, [85];
  • in borders of Asia Minor and Caucasian rugs, [92], [166], [202], [229];
  • reputed inventor of, [183].
• Cupressus sempervirens used as a dye, [41].
• Curcuma used as a dye, [38].
• Cyrus, [24], [115], 181;
  • Turkestan overrun by, [234].
• D
• Daghestan, [198], [206], [214].
• Daghestan rugs, [205], [212], [213], [216], [290], [292], [293], [304];
• • technicalities in weave of, [51], [54];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • effulgent stars in, [91];
  • Cufic borders of, [92];
  • Bergamo prayer arch compared with that of, [167];
  • weave of Kabistans compared with that of, [201];
  • designs in, [211];
  • colour scheme of Shirvans compared with that of, [214];
  • mosaic drawing of, [220].
  • Rugs described, [198], [199], [200];
  • border stripes, [226], [227], [228], [229], [230].
• Daghestan, Royal, [216].
• Damascus, [17];
  • antique carpets of, [95];
  • Mecca rugs sold in, [118].
• Dari, [211], [257].
• Darius, [215].
• Dekkan, rugs woven in interior of, [259].
• Delhi, [28], [110].
• Demirdji, [164], [176].
• Demirdji rugs described, [176].
• Deodorus, [74].
• Dera Ghazi Khan, 280; Kilims, [281].
• Derbend, [199], [204].
• Derbend rugs described, [204], [205];
  • border stripes, [230].
• Designs, geometric, [62], [64], [185];
  • floral, [62], [64], [68], [185];
  • almond, [70];
  • animal, [89], [83], [91], [112], [114], [126], [137], [165], [200], [211], [213], [225], [248];
  • antilope, [72];
  • arabesques, [71], [79], [81], [83], [94], [104], [156], [175];
  • barber-pole, [117], [118], [119], [153], [182], [200], [215], [229], [242], [246], [251];
  • bat, [71], [266];
  • birds, [71], [87], [91], [119], [114], [137], [165], [229], [246], [270], [292];
  • bird of paradise, [71];
  • butterfly, [71], [246], [266], [269], [270];
  • camel, [72];
  • chessboard, [271];
  • chrysanthemum, [271];
  • cloud-band, [67], [90], [106], [265], [274];
  • cocos, [114];
  • comb, [67], [208], [213], [221];
  • conch, [274];
  • cone, [70];
  • crab, [71];
  • cross, [67], [92], [236], [237];
  • crown jewel, [70], [112];
  • daisy, [64], [69];
  • diamond, [91], [141], [145], [177], [200], [203], [212], [223];
  • djinni, [72];
  • dog, [72], [213];
  • dragon, [71], [246], [266], [268], [273], [274];
  • dragon and phoenix, [92];
  • duck, [71], [81], [87];
  • eagle, [71];
  • Euphrates flower, [69], [189];
  • fish, [165], [246];
  • fung-kwang, [266];
  • fungus, [269];
  • gazelle, [95];
  • goat, [72];
  • Joo-e, [265], [274];
  • key-pattern, [27], [267], [274];
  • knot of destiny, [274];
  • ky-lin, [265];
  • lamp, [165], [170], [182];
  • latch-hook, [67], [74], [117], [145], [155], [167], [169], [180], [182], [183], [184], [186], [187], [189], [200], [202], [203], [212], [215], [220], [223], [225], [227], [228], [231], [242], [249], [250], [251], [278], [282], [288];
  • lily, [167], [170], [172], [184], [193], [230];
  • lion, [72], [95];
  • lion-dog, [266];
  • lotus, [64], [68], [69], [89], [199];
  • lozenge, [62], [91], [123], [141], [206], [220], [225], [249];
  • lyre, [271];
  • mango, [70];
  • medallion, [60], [86], [87], [104], [106], [108], [109], [110], [121], [123], [126], [134], [138], [139], [145], [149], [169], [183], [189], [200], [212], [214], [215], [220], [267], [269], [271], [272], [273];
  • moon, [65], [69];
  • octagonal disc, [66], [92], [180], [200], [206], [213], [220], 275;
  • palm, [70];
  • palmette, [70], [71], [89], [90], [94], [106], [121], [177];
  • peacock, [71];
  • pear, [70], [106], [109], [110], [116], [129], [142], [145], [153], [165], [191], [200], [201], [207], [218], [219];
  • peony, [104], [270];
  • phœnix, [72];
  • pole-medallion, [117], [152], [179];
  • pomegranate, [69], [167];
  • reciprocal sawtooth, [78], [121], [130], [209], [221], [231];
  • reciprocal trefoil, [121], [130], [160], [165], [208], [215], [221], [249];
  • river loop, [70];
  • rose, [62], [69], [139], [193];
  • rosette, [70], [94], [104], [121], [188], [193], [201], [207], [208], [221], [226], [230], [290], [292];
  • running latch-hook, [67], [242];
  • sacred mountain, [265];
  • scorpion, [71];
  • S design, [64], [91], [92], [170], [195], [206], [208], [211], [213], [220];
  • serpent, [71];
  • serrated leaf and wine cup, [64];
  • shield of David, [66];
  • Shou, [266], [272];
  • star, [62], [65], [71], [93], [112], [183], [200], [203];
  • effulgent star, [201], [211];
  • eight-pointed star, [177], [179], [180], [182], [187], [193], [206], [207], [208], [210], [213], [220], [236], [244], [246], [250];
  • stork, [71], [266];
  • sun, [65], [66], [69];
  • sunburst, [209], [220], [292];
  • sunflower, [69], [271];
  • swastika, [64], [65], [194], [229], [246], [248], [271], [273];
  • tarantula, [71], [209], [220], [221];
  • tiger, [95];
  • tree, [137];
  • tree of life, [60], [68], [182], [186], [189], [219], [237];
  • tri-cleft leaf, [78], [91], [184], [199], [208], [211], [215], [226];
  • turtle, [71];
  • vandyke, [179], [183], [184], [187], [189], [290];
  • wheel of law, [266];
  • zigzag line, [66], [67].
• Diaper pattern, [102], [263].
• Diarbekr, [141].
• Die Persische NadelmalereiSusandschird, [76].
• Distaff, [36].
• Dix, Stewart, quoted, [16].
• Djinni. _See_ Designs.
• Djushaghan. _See_ Joshaghan.
• Domenico di Bartolo, painting of, [92].
• Dragon and Phoenix carpet, [65], [231].
• Dragon carpets, [91], [298].
• Dravidians, [28].
• Dyeing, 37; process of, [42], [43].
• Dyes, [30];
  • of Sultanabad, [131];
  • of Oushak, [174];
  • of Amritsar rugs, [256];
  • Aniline dyes introduced into India, [254];
  • into China, [265];
  • objection to, [299];
  • how to distinguish, [299], [300].
• E
• East India Company, [254].
• Ecbatana, [103], [122].
• Elburz Mts., [103].
• Eleanor, Queen, Spanish rugs sent to, [25].
• Elizabeth, Queen, [29].
• Elizabethpol, [224].
• Ellore, [259], [260].
• Ellore rugs described, [260].
• El Mirz li alla, Caliph, [77].
• Elwund Mt., [120], [122], [129].
• Encyclopedia Britannica quoted, [140].
• Ends, finish of, [57].
• Esther, Queen, [122].
• Evil eye, superstition of, [59], 168.
• F
• Fairs, Oriental, [99].
• Farsistan, wool of, [31];
• • antique carpets from Shiraz, capital of, [115].
• Fatimid Caliphs, [90].
• Feraghan district, [125], [129], [131].
• Feraghan rugs, [100], [132], [133], [142], [147], [153], [156], [285], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [55];
  • small designs in, [60];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • turtle border of, [79];
  • Guli Hinnai pattern of, [105];
  • pattern of Herat rugs compared with that of, [106].
  • Rugs described, [120], [121], [122];
  • border stripes, [157], [159].
• Filling, [52].
• Firdousi, [110].
• Fish pattern. _See_ Designs.
• Flame design. _See_ Designs.
• Flax used in weaving, [30], [33].
• Floral design. _See_ Designs.
• Friedhofteppiche, [172].
• G
• Gall nuts used as a dye, [39].
• Ganges river, [17], [258].
• Ganja. _See_ Gengha.
• Gehrous district, [136].
• Gengha, [224].
• Gengha rugs, [101], [290], [292];
• • technicalities in weave of, [52], [53], [54].
  • Rugs described, [224], [225];
  • border stripes, [227].
• Genghis Khan, [26], [78], [198], [234].
• Geok Teppe, [238].
• Geometric pattern. _See_ Designs.
• Georgian pattern, [213], [215], [228], [230], [292].
• Ghiordes, [164], [168], [175], [176], [206].
• Ghiordes rugs, [65], [101], [183], [184], [191], [289], [289], [290], [304];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [63];
  • Karabaghs compared with, [225].
  • Rugs described, [168], [169], [170], [171];
  • border stripes, [192], [193], [194], [195].
• Gibbon cited, [25].
• Gilan, cloud-band in antique carpets of, [67].
• Girdler’s Company, India carpet presented to, [94], [256].
• Goat’s hair. _See_ Wool.
• Gobi desert, [21], [26], [29].
• Goodyear, Prof., cited, [69].
• Gorevan rugs, [100], [285], [286], [287], [301], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51];
  • turtle border of, [79];
  • patterns of Muskabads resembling those of, [131];
  • relation of Bakshis rugs to, [148];
  • relation of Herez rugs to, [149].
  • Rugs described, [146], [147], [148];
  • border stripes, [157], [158].
• Gotcha lake, [224].
• Gozene, [156].
• Gozene rugs, [100], [154], [289];
  • technicalities in weave of, [54].
  • Rugs described, [54].
• “Grain of rice” pattern in Chinese rugs, [271].
• Granada, [25].
• Guebres, in Kirman, [113];
  • temple at Baku of, [210].
• Guli Hinnai pattern, [104], [120], [121];
  • illustrated, [291].
• Gulistan rugs, [100], [154], [286];
  • Rugs described, [155].
• Gulistan treaty, [203].
• Gyze, Georg, [92].
• H
• Hafiz, [115].
• Hair, of cow, [30], [33];
• • of horse, [33].
• Hamadan, [122], [129], [136], [143], [155].
• Hamadan rugs, [100], [286], [287];
  • technicalities in weave of, [52], [53], [54], [55];
  • similarity of some Irans to, [125];
  • similarity of Karajes to, [144];
  • similarity of weave of Kara-Geuz rugs to, [155].
  • Rugs described, [122], [123], [124];
  • border stripes, [157], [159], [160].
• Hang Chow, [266].
• Harris, Henry T., quoted, [40], [260].
• Havell, E. B., cited, [260].
• Hegira, [296].
• Hemp used in weaving, [30], [33], [261], [263].
• Herat, [105], [110], [244], [285];
  • captured by Nadir Shah, [29];
  • so-called Ispahans probably made at, [89], [112].
• Herat rugs, [69], [ 89], [100];
  • technicalities in weave of, [54], [55];
  • cloud-band in antique rugs of, [67];
  • ground colour of, [95];
  • influence on Indian weaving of, [255].
  • Rugs described, [105], [106];
  • border stripes, [156].
• Herati pattern, [89], [94], [104], [106], [108], [109], [112], [120], [121], [129], [132], [134], [142], [152], [153], [157], [165], [170], [201];
  • illustrated, [291].
• Hereke, [181].
• Hereke rugs described, [181].
• Herez, [149].
• Herez rugs, [101], [286], [287];
  • technicalities in weave of, [55].
  • Rugs described, [149], [150];
  • border stripes, [157].
• Herodotus, [74].
• Herring bone weave, described, [47];
  • in Shemakhas, [216], [217], [292].
• Himalayas, [41].
• Hindu Koosh Mts., [244].
• Hoa, [183].
• Holbein, Hans, [92], [93].
• Holbein rugs, [298];
  • octagonal disc in, [66].
  • Rugs described, [92], [93].
• Homer, [69], [74], [110], [163].
• Hulaku Khan, conquered Persia, [26];
  • Mongolian capital established in Persia by, [78].
• Hunting carpets, [298];
  • symbolism in, [72].
  • Carpets described, [82].
• Hurst, Dr. John, quoted, [257].
• Hyderabad, [259], [262].
• Hyderabad rugs described, [262].
• Hyder Ali, 261.
• I
• Ibn Batutah, Meshed visited by, [110].
• Iconium, [181].
• Imari ware, [17].
• Imeritia, [218].
• India Museum, [122].
• Indigo used as a dye, [38], [40].
• Indigofera used as a dye, [38].
• Indus river, [17], [24], [29].
• Irak-Ajemi, [124], [127], [129].
• Iran rugs, [100];
• • similarity in some rugs of the Kara-Geuz district to, [155].
  • Rugs described, [124], [125];
  • border stripes, [157].
• Irtish river, [26].
• Isbarta, [178].
• Iskenderoon gulf, [163].
• Ismael, Shah, established capital at Ardebil, [82];
  • Ardebil Mosque carpet made during reign of, [84];
  • carpets made at Herat during reign of, [89];
  • Ardebil Mosque carpet made by order of, [127].
• Ispahan, sacked by Tamerlane, [27];
  • Shah Abbas transferred his court to, [29];
  • probability that some of the so-called Ispahans were made at, [89];
  • description of city, [111].
• Ispahan blue, [42].
• Ispahan rugs, lotus design in, [69];
  • made at Ispahan, [89];
  • sombre tones of, [90];
  • red fields of, [95];
  • blues and reds of the antique, [127];
  • palmettes of the antique, [145].
  • Modern rugs described, [111], [112], [113].
• J
• Jahan, Shah, 28; builder of Taj Mahal, [94];
• • Indian rug-weaving declined after death of, [253].
• Jail system of India, [254].
• Jaipur, [255], [259].
• Jaipur rugs described, [259].
• Japan, [17].
• Jhelum river, suggested as origin of pear design, [70];
  • Srinagar on the, [255].
• Joshaghan district, [132].
• Joshaghan rugs, [100], [286], [298];
  • technicalities in weave of, [50].
  • Rugs described, [132], [133];
  • border stripes, [157].
• Jubbulpur, [255], [258].
• Jubbulpur rugs described, [258], [259].
• Jute, used in weaving, [30], [33];
  • in Kulahs, [174];
  • in Vellore rugs, [261];
  • in Bangalore rugs, [262].
• K
• Kaaba, [117].
• Kabistan, [199].
• Kabistan rugs, [101], [204], [290], [292], [293], [304];
• • technicalities in weave of, [54];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • effulgent stars of, [91];
  • Cufic borders of, [92];
  • patterns of some Shirvans similar to those of, [213].
  • Rugs described, [200], [201], [202];
  • border stripes, [226], [228], [229].
• Kain, [108].
• Kaisariyeh, [190].
• Kaisariyeh rugs described, [190], [191].
• Kaiser Friedrich Museum, [79], [92].
• Kang-hi rugs, [78], [101].
  • Rugs described, [268], [269];
  • border stripes, [274];
  • medallions, [273].
• Karabacek, Dr., quoted, [74].
• Karabagh district, [222], [224].
• Karabagh rugs, [101], [290], [292];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [53];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • Karadaghs compared with, [151];
  • Shushas compared with, [224].
  • Rugs described, [222], [223].
• Karadagh district, [151].
• Karadagh rugs, [100], [286], [289].
  • Rugs described; border stripes, [157], [158].
• Kara-Geuz district, [155].
• Kara-Geuz rugs, [100], [154].
  • Rugs described, [155].
• Karaje rugs, [100], [286];
  • technicalities in weave of, [53].
  • Rugs described, [143], [144].
• Kara Kum desert, [241].
• Karaman, [188].
• Karaman rugs, [101], [289].
  • Rugs described, [188].
  • Kilims, [278], [279].
• Kashan, [115], [127], [155].
• Kashan rugs, [100], [285], [286], [288], [301], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [35], [51], [55];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • pattern of Sarouks like that of, [134];
  • correspondence of some rugs of Tabriz with, [145].
  • Rugs described, [127], [128], [129];
  • border stripes, [160].
• Kashgar, [247].
• Kashgar rugs, [101], [234], [282], [292].
  • Rugs described, [247], [248].
• Kashmir, [70], [255];
  • goat’s wool of, [32], [114].
• Katchli, derivation of, [237];
  • pattern used in Tekkes, [239], [293].
• Kazak rugs, [101], [290], [292], [304];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [53];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • Western Kurdistans compared with, [141];
  • Afshars compared with, [155];
  • Yuruks compared with, [191];
  • Tcherkess compared with, [209];
  • Kutais compared with, [222];
  • Genghas compared with, [224].
  • Rugs described, [219], [220], [221], [222];
  • border stripes, [226], [227], [228], [229].
• Kazakje, [220].
• Kea-king dynasty, [272].
  • Rugs described, [272].
• Keen-lung dynasty. Rugs described, [270], [271], [272];
  • border stripes, [274], [275];
  • medallions, [273].
• Kenares defined, [97].
• Kerim, Khan, [115];
  • royal patronage of weaving at Shiraz under, [116].
• Kermanshah, [83], [129], [138].
• Kermanshah rugs, [134], [137], [147], [160], [285], [288], [301], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [52];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • corners of Khorassans compared with those of, [109];
  • Tabriz rugs compared with, [145], [146];
  • Amritsars mistaken for, [256].
  • Rugs described, [138], [139], [140];
  • border stripes, [38].
• Kermes used as a dye, [38].
• Key pattern, [27].
• Khali defined, [97].
• Khibitkas, defined, [238];
  • rugs made for doors of, [239].
• Khiva, [110], [240], [241], [244].
• Khiva rugs, [100], [233], [235], [242], [293];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61].
  • Rugs described, [240], [241];
  • border stripes, [250], [251].
• Khorassan, [107], [115], [127];
  • wool of, [31];
  • Herats made in, [106];
  • Kurdistans in, [141];
  • Yomuds in, [241].
• Khorassan rugs, [60], [100], [117], [288];
  • left-hand knots in, [48];
  • technicalities in weave of, [54], [55];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • resemblance of Mesheds to, [110].
  • Rugs described, [107], [108], [109], [110];
  • border stripes, [156].
• Khotan, [278].
• Kidderminster, [260].
• Kilims, earliest rugs similar to, [75];
  • pattern in Shirvan, [227].
  • Kilims described, [276], [277], [278], [279], [280], [281].
• King-te Chin, [300].
• Kirghiz, steppes, [235];
  • tribes, [240].
• Kirman, [113], [115], [203], [206], [248];
  • wool of, [31];
  • carpets made during Caliphate at, [90];
  • early weavers taken to Asia Minor from, [181].
• Kirman rugs, [100], [285], [297], [304];
  • technicalities in weave of, [50], [51], [53];
  • resemblance of Kermanshahs to, [138];
  • flowers in Tabriz rugs compared with those of, [145];
  • some old Bergamos as valuable as, [167].
  • Rugs described, [113], [114], [115];
  • border stripes, [158].
• Kirmans, Turkish, [174].
• Kir-Shehr, [185].
• Kir-Shehr rugs, [101], [289], [290];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [63];
  • prayer arches of Bergamos compared with those of, [167];
  • prayer arches of Ladiks compared with those of, [183];
  • often called Anatolian, [187];
  • prayer arches of Mudjars compared with those of, [189];
  • prayer arches of Tuzlas compared with those of, [190].
  • Rugs described, [185], [186];
  • border stripes, [193].
• Kis-kilims, [280].
• Kizil Arvat, [241].
• Kizil Irmak river, [185], [189].
• Kizil Kum, “desert of red sands,” [235].
• Knights of St. John, [28], [179].
• Knots, Ghiordes, [48];
  • Sehna, [48];
  • right-hand, [48];
  • left-hand, [48];
  • peculiarities of, [48];
  • illustrated, [49].
• Konieh, [188], [190].
• Konieh rugs, [101], [289], [290];
  • technicalities in weave of, [55];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [63];
  • resemblance in pattern of Kir-Shehrs to that of, [186];
  • prayer arches of Anatolians compared with those of, [187].
  • Rugs described, [181], [182], [183];
  • border stripes, [193], [195].
• Koran, [72].
• Kuba, [199], [202].
• Kuba rugs, [101], [290], [292].
  • Rugs described, [202], [203], [204];
  • border stripes, [228].
• Kublai Khan, [266].
• Kulah, [164], [171], [174].
• Kulah rugs, [101], [289], [290];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [52], [53], [54];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [64];
  • lily pattern in, [167];
  • Ghiordes rugs adopting border of, [171];
  • geometric leaf of, [180];
  • prayer arch of Koniehs compared with those of, [186].
  • Rugs described, [171], [172], [173], [174];
  • border stripes, [193], [194].
• Kur valley, [207], [214].
• Kurdistan, Persian, rugs, [100], [286], [287];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51];
  • Mina Khani pattern characteristic of, [105];
  • Western Kurdistans compared with, [141].
  • Rugs described, [142], [143];
  • border stripes, [157], [159].
• Kurdistan rugs, [286];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [53], [57];
  • Karajes compared with, [143];
  • ground colour of some Mosuls similar to that of, [154];
  • some Kara-Geuz rugs similar to, [155].
• Kurdistan, Western, rugs, [100], [286];
  • described, [140], [141], [142].
  • Kilims, [280].
• Kurds, [134], [136], [138], [140], [141], [145], [187], [191];
  • located at Ak-kal by Shah of Persia, [238].
• Kutais, [218].
• Kutais rugs, technicalities in weave of, [53].
  • Rugs described, [218], [219];
  • border stripes, [227], [229].
• Kutayah, [176].
• Kutayah rugs described, [176].
• L
• Lacquer, [17].
• Ladik rugs, [101], [167], [289], [290], [304];
• • illustration of prayer arch of, [63];
  • pomegranate design in, [70];
  • border stripe of Melez rugs similar to that of, [177];
  • vandykes of Rhodian rugs resembling those of, [179];
  • nap of, [186];
  • Kir-Shehr panels compared with those of, [187];
  • vandykes in Mudjars borrowed from, [189].
  • Rugs described, [183], [184];
  • border stripes, [193], [194].
• Lahore, [255], [256];
  • royal factory at, [94].
• Lahore rugs, [101], [305].
  • Rugs described, [256], [257].
• Landor, Henry Savage, quoted, [300].
• Laristan border stripe, [157].
• Latch-hooks. _See_ Designs.
• Latimer, C., quoted, [281].
• Lattice-work pattern, [119], [121], [133], [134], [137], [204].
• Lemons used as a mordant, [40].
• Lesghian rugs, [101], [199], [290].
  • Rugs described, [206], [207].
• Lesghian tribes, [206], [207].
• Limes used as a mordant, [40].
• Linen, in Sehnas, [135];
  • in Tabriz, [146];
  • in Ghiordes, [171];
  • in Sarouks, [127];
  • in Kashans, [128].
• Loom, described, [44];
  • illustrated, [45].
• Lotus. _See_ Designs.
• Luristan rugs, [286];
  • technicalities in weave of, 55.
• M
• Madder used as a dye, [38].
• Madras, [259].
• Madras rugs described, [259], [260].
• Mahal rugs, [286], [288], [301], [305];
• • similar to Muskabads, [131], [132].
• Maharajah, [259].
• Makimonos, [180].
• Makri rugs, [180].
• Maksoud, [84], [127], [128].
• Malek Shah made Ispahan the capital of Persia, [26].
• Malgaran, [246].
• Manchoos, [268].
• Mangishlar peninsula, [238].
• Marco Polo, referred to Armenian carpets, [91];
  • referred to Kirman weavings, [113];
  • visited Kashgar, [247].
• Marsulipatam, [259], [260].
• Marsulipatam rugs described, [260].
• Martin, Dr. F. R., quoted and cited, [74], [77], [79], [81], [82], [89], [90], [116], 227.
• Maya ruins, swastika on, [65].
• Mecca, [77], [98];
  • pilgrimages to, [99];
  • bit of earth from, [221], [223].
• Mecca rugs, [117], [118].
• Medallions. _See_ Designs.
• Medes, [23], [24], [66], [234].
• Medina, [77], [296].
• Melez rugs, [101], [290];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [63];
  • sometimes called Anatolians, [187].
  • Rugs described, [176], [177], [178];
  • border stripes, [193], [195].
• Mersherski, [88].
• Merv Kilims, [280], [281].
• Meshed, pilgrimages to, [99], [108].
• Meshed rugs, [100], [147], [217], [288], [301].
  • Rugs described, [110], [111];
  • border stripes, [158].
• Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; rugs exhibited in, [78], [79], [80], [82], [85], [86], [91], [93].
• Michelangelo, [16].
• Mina Khan, [105].
• Mina Khani pattern, [105], [142], [152], [249];
  • illustrated, [291].
• Ming dynasty, [78], [81], [266], [268];
  • coat of arms of, [92].
• Ming rugs, [101], [298].
  • Rugs described, [266].
• Mirabad, [130].
• Mirror backs in Chinese rugs, [267], [272], [273].
• Mir-Sarabend. _See_ Sarabend.
• Mirzapur, [255], [258].
• Mirzapur rugs described, [258].
• Mohair, [174].
• Mohammed, [24];
  • epithet applied to Guli Hinnaiby, [104].
• Mohammedans, [98], [103], [113], [237], [257];
  • dominant in Southwestern Asia, [25];
  • invaded India, [28];
  • Meshed sacred to, [110];
  • prejudice against depicting animals by Sunnite, [165];
  • Caucasia invaded by, [198];
  • influence on weaving by, [58], [270].
• Mongols, captured Bagdad, [26];
  • gained foothold in India, [28];
  • in Persia, [62];
  • in Caucasia, [198];
  • overran Turkestan, [234].
• Mordants, [40].
• Mordecai, [122].
• Moslems, [70];
  • preserved art treasures, [76];
  • green sacred to, [85].
• Mosul district, [152].
• Mosul rugs, [101], [286], [287], [302], [304], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [52];
  • Western Kurdistans confused with, [141];
  • Persian Kurdistan and Bijar rugs compared with, [143];
  • resemblance of weave of some Gozene rugs with that of, [156].
  • Rugs described, [152], [153], [154];
  • border stripes, [157], [158], [159].
• Mt. Ararat, [103], [219].
• Mt. Ida, [163].
• Mt. Kazbek, [206].
• Mt. Olympus, [181], [191].
• Mudjar, [189].
• Mudjar rugs, [101], [290];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [63];
  • frequently classed as Anatolians, [187].
  • Rugs described, [189], [190];
  • border stripes, [193].
• Multan, [255].
• Multan rugs described, [257].
• Mumford, John Kimberly, cited, v, [67].
• Musée des Arts Decoratifs, [79].
• Muskabad district, [131].
• Muskabad rugs, [100], [286], [288], [301], [305];
  • turtle border in, [71].
  • Rugs described, [131], [132];
  • border stripes, [157], [159].
• N
• Nadir Shah, Afghans defeated by, [29];
• • influence of, [103];
  • art decadence following capture of Herat by, [106];
  • destruction of Herat by, [110];
  • weavers removed to Northern Persia by, [113], [132];
  • Shemakha almost destroyed by, [214];
  • Shusha built by, [224];
  • overthrow of Mogul dominion by, [254].
• Namads, [115], [122].
• Namazlik, [98], [150].
• Netsukés, [17].
• Nigde, [190].
• Nigde rugs, 101; classed as Anatolians, [187]187.
  • Rugs described, [190].
• Nijni Novgorod, [235].
• Nimrod, [23].
• Nineveh, [23], [102];
  • drawings on walls of, [74];
  • Mosul near ruins of, [152].
• Niris lake, wool obtained near, [31].
• Niris rugs, [100], [204], [286], [287], [304].
  • Rugs described, [119], [120].
• Nizami manuscript determining age of Hunting Carpets, [82].
• Nomadic influence, [106];
  • characteristics in rugs, 134; rugs, [58], 153.
• O
• Oak gall, used as a dye, [40].
• Odjalik, [97].
• Omar Khayyam, [108], [110].
• Onosma echioides used as a dye, [41].
• Orenburg, [235], [240].
• Oriental art, [16].
• Ottoman Turks, [27], [28].
• Oushak, city and district, [164], [176].
• Oushak rugs, type of modern, [94];
• • evidences of Persian treatment in, [166].
  • Rugs described, [174], [175].
• Outer edging in Kirmans, [114];
  • in Hamadans, [123];
  • in Sarouks, [126];
  • in Bijars, [137];
  • in Kermanshahs, [139];
  • in Mosuls, [153].
  • Overcasting of sides; weft overcasting described, [55], [56];
  • illustrated, [49];
  • double overcasting described, [55], [56];
  • illustrated, [49].
• Oxus river (Amu Daria), [23], [24], [235], [238], [240], [243], 244.
• P
• Palais de Commerce at Lyons, [80].
• Palm design. _See_ Designs.
• Pamir plateau, sheep of, [31];
• • mountains of, [235].
• Paropamisus Mts., [235].
• Parsees, [103];
  • symbolism derived from fire worship of, [58], [71];
  • at Baku, [211].
• Parthians, [24].
• Patna rugs, [101].
• Paul, St., [166], [181].
• Pear design. _See_ Designs.
• Pergamus, [166], [168].
• Persepolis, [103].
• Phasis river, [197].
• Pile of rugs, [47].
• Pliny, [74].
• Polish silk carpets, reciprocal trefoils in, [65];
  • Chinese cloud-bands in, [67];
  • lotus in, [69].
  • Carpets described, [88];
  • bright hues of, [90].
• Polonaise carpets. _See_ Polish silk.
• Pomegranate. _See_ Designs.
• Pomegranate rind used as a mordant, [40].
• Porter, Sir Robert Kerr, quoted, [106], [138].
• Prayer arches, [60], [62];
  • illustrated, [61], [63].
• Prayer rugs. _See_ Namazlik.
• Priam, [166].
• Prometheus, [197].
• Punjab, [255], [256], 257.
• R
• Ratanjot used as a dye, [16].
• Rembrandt, [16].
• Rhodes, Isle of, [28], [178].
• Rhodian rugs, [101], [289].
• • Rugs described, [178], [179], [180];
  • border stripes, [193].
• Rion river, [218].
• River loop. _See_ Designs.
• Robinson, Vincent, cited, [80], [81], [86], [88], [254], [258], [259].
• Rubens, [16].
• Rubia cordifolia used as a dye, [41].
• Rubia tinctorum used as a dye, [38].
• Runners, [97].
• Ruskin, John, quoted, 18.
• S
• Saadi, [115].
• Saddle-bags, [117], [135], [249].
• Safavid dynasty, [29], [81], [83], [84], [85], [89], [103].
• Saffron used as a dye, [39].
• Salors, [233].
• Samarkand, capital of Tamerlane, [27];
• • the “Mirror of the World,” [245].
• Samarkand rugs, [101], [233], [265], [282], [293];
  • technicalities in weave of, [50];
  • swastika in, [65].
  • Rugs described, [245], [246], [247];
  • border stripes, [251].
• Samo-Kien, [246].
• Sarabend rugs, [285], [304];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51];
  • pear design of, [70], [116], [119], [144], [153];
  • turtle border in, [71];
  • pile of, [133].
  • Rugs described, [129], [130];
  • border stripes, [158], [160].
  • Mir-Sarabends, [130].
  • Royal Sarabends, [130].
• Saracenic art, [21];
  • influence, [58], [80], [88], [166]
• Saracens, carpet weaving introduced into India by, [94];
  • Persia under dominion of, [103];
  • Baku in possession of, [210].
• Saraks, town of, [136], [238].
• Sarawan district, [129], [131].
• Sarouk, [125].
• Sarouk rugs, [134], [285], [286], [288], [301], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [52], [53], [55];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • animal carpet with weave similar to that of, [86];
  • corners of Khorassans compared with those of, [109];
  • patterns of Bijars compared with those of, [137].
  • Tabriz rugs compared with, [145], [146].
  • Rugs described, [125], [126], [127];
  • border stripes, [160].
• Sassanides, Kingdom of, [24];
  • elaborate carpets made during rule of, [74];
  • capture of capital of, [75].
• Savalans, [131].
• Sedjadeh, [97].
• Sehna, [48], [129], [133].
• Sehna rugs, [100], [286], [304];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51], [54];
  • medallions of, [60];
  • turtle border in, [71].
  • Herati design in Persian Kurdistans borrowed from, [142].
  • Rugs described, [133], [134], [135];
• Sehna kilims, [278].
• Seljukian Turks, effect on art, [26];
  • powerful in Asia Minor, [27];
  • overthrow by Genghis Khan, [78];
  • invasion of Southern Persia by, [90];
  • monuments in Armenia of, [91];
  • dominion in Persia of, [103];
  • Konieh surrendered to, [181].
• Selvage, weft selvage described, [55], [56];
  • illustrated, [49];
  • double selvage described, [55], [56];
  • illustrated, [49];
  • mixed selvage described, [56].
• Serapi rugs, [285];
  • turtle border in, [71].
  • Rugs described, [148], [149];
  • border stripes, [157].
• Shah Abbas pattern, [198], [206].
• Shemakha, city of, [214].
• Shemakha rugs, [101], [290], [292].
  • Rugs described, [ 216], [217];
  • border-stripes, [228].
• Shield of David. _See_ Designs.
• Shiites, [58];
  • animal designs permitted by, [72];
  • Meshed sacred to, [110].
• Shiraz, wool of, [31];
  • city of, [115].
• Shiraz rugs, [100], [286], [288], [297], [301], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • latch-hooks in, [67];
  • resemblance of Niris rugs to, [119];
  • pear design of Kabistans similar to those of, [201];
  • wool of Tiflis rugs suggests that of, [217].
  • Rugs described, [115], [116], [117], [118];
  • border stripes, [158];
  • saddle-bags, [117].
• Shirvan district conquered by Solyman the Magnificent, [28].
• Shirvan rugs, [101], [290], [292], [293], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [54];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • design of Shiraz rugs similar to that of, [117];
  • weave of Kabistans compared with that of, [201];
  • pattern of Chichis resembling that of, [207];
  • geometric design of Bakus seen in, [211];
  • some patterns of Genghas similar to those of, [225].
  • Rugs described, [212], [213], [214];
  • border stripes, [226], [227], [228], [229], [231].
  • Kilims, [278].
• Shusha, [224].
• Shusha rugs, [101], [290].
  • Rugs described, [224].
  • Sides, finish of, 55; illustrated, [49].
• Silk, used for weaving, [33];
  • indigenous to Asia, [33];
  • cultivated at Kashgar and Yarkand, [247];
  • used in Kirmans, [114];
  • in Yezd rugs, [115];
  • in Hamadans, [122];
  • in Kashans, [128];
  • in Sehnas, [134], [135];
  • in Ghiordes, [178];
  • in Hereke rugs, [181];
  • in Kaisariyeh rugs, [190];
  • in Royal Bokharas, [236].
• Silk carpets, sent to Sultan of Constantinople, [87];
  • made at Kashan, [128].
• Sindh, [255], [259].
• Sindh rugs described, [259].
• Sirab, village of, [148].
• Sivas, Seljukian gate at, [170];
  • city of, [188].
• Sivas rugs described, [188], [189].
• Smyrna, [164], [175], [176];
  • Yuruks at, [191].
• Smyrna rugs, [101];
  • Broussa rugs compared with those of, [181];
  • Indian rugs compared with those of, [254].
  • Rugs described, [176].
• Solyman, King, the ring of, [66];
  • pomegranates cultivated in days of, [69];
  • his emblem of an eight-pointed star, [158].
• Solyman the Magnificent, Iran threatened by, [28];
  • weavers taken to Asia Minor by, [94], [175].
• Soumak rugs, [290], [292];
  • weave of, [47];
  • designs of cross in, [67];
  • tri-cleft leaf in, [91], [209];
  • Kubas and Shemakhas compared with, [203];
  • patterns of Shirvans compared with those of, [213].
  • Rugs described, [214], [215], [216];
  • border stripes, [228], [230].
• Sousa, reciprocal sawtooth on monuments of, [231].
• South Kensington Museum, [15], [83], [259].
• Spanish rugs sent to Queen Eleanor, [25].
• Sparta rugs. _See_ Isbarta.
• Spindle, [34], [35].
• Spinning, [34], [35].
• Spring of Chosroes carpet described, [76].
• Srinagar, [70], [255].
• Srinagar rugs described, [255].
• Stebbing, Edward, cited, [82];
  • quoted, [83], [84].
• St. Sophia, [19], [28].
• Star design. _See_ Designs.
• Stein, Dr. M. A., cited, [278].
• Strabo, [74].
• Stripes. _See_ Border.
• Suj-Bulak, town of, [150].
• Suj-Bulak rugs, [286].
  • Rugs described, [150], [151].
• Sulphate of iron used as a mordant, [40].
• Sulphate of tin used as a mordant, [40].
• Sultanabad, [129], [131], [132].
• Sultanabad rugs, [286];
  • Indian rugs compared with those of, [254], [256].
  • Rugs described, [131].
• Sumach used as a dye, [38].
• Sumerians, [23].
• Sung dynasty, [266].
• Sunnites opposed to depicting animal figures, [58], [72], [91], [99], [165], [254].
• Swastika. Illustrated, [291]. _See_ Designs.
• Symbols in colours and designs, [18], [19], [20], [58], [59], [72].
• T
• Tabriz, [136], [145], [148], [151], [227];
• • captured by Solyman the Magnificent, [28], [94];
  • dyers from, [40];
  • an important art centre, [89];
  • a mart for rugs, [99];
  • Herat carpets in hall of governor at, [106].
• Tabriz rugs, [286], [287], [288], [297], [301], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [53], [55];
  • Chinese cloud-band in, [67];
  • medallions of Herez rugs similar to those of, [149].
  • Rugs described, [145], [146].
• Taj Mahal, [94], [257].
• Tak-i-Bostan, rock-carved sculptures of, [83].
• Tamara, Queen, [197], [198].
• Tamarind used as a mordant, [40].
• Tamasp, Shah, [28], [82], [169];
  • Ardebil carpet finished during reign of, [84];
  • silk rugs made during reign of, [87];
  • Herat an important art centre during time of, [89];
  • Tabriz carpets woven during reign of, [145].
• Tamerlane, [172], [254];
  • Mongols united by, [27];
  • Ispahan sacked by, [111];
  • artists gathered at Samarkand by, [234];
  • Samarkand made capital by, [246];
  • Multan captured by, [257].
• Tang dynasty, [266].
• Tanjore district, [259].
• Taoist symbols, [271].
• Tao-Kwang, [272]. Rugs described, [272].
• “Tapis de l’Asie Centrale” quoted, [233].
• Tartars, [26], [220];
• Turkestan conquered by, [234].
• Tartary, [31], [32].
• Tchechen. _See_ Chichi.
• Tcherkess (Circassian) rugs, [290], [292], [304], [305];
  • technicalities in weave of, [54];
  • tri-cleft leaf in, [91];
  • long nap of Western Kurdistans similar to that of, [141];
  • sunburst pattern of Kazaks similar to that of, [220].
  • Rugs described, [208], [209], [210];
  • border stripes, [227].
• Tcherkess tribes, [209].
• Teheran, [138];
  • caravans to Meshed from, [110].
• Teheran rugs described, [154], [155].
• Tekke, derivation of name, [238].
• Tekke rugs, [101], [233], [293];
  • illustration of prayer arch of, [61];
  • S design in, [65];
  • selvage at sides of Beluchistans similar to that of, [235];
  • similarity in colours of Yomuds and those of, [242];
  • designs in Afghans and Yomuds similar to those of, [244].
  • Rugs described, [238], [239], [240];
  • border stripes, [250], [251].
• Terek valley, [207], [208].
• Terminalia citrina used as a dye, [40].
• Tiflis, overrun by Seljukian Turks, [26];
  • mart for rugs, [99];
  • caravans from Tabriz to, [145];
  • capital of Georgia, [217].
• Tiflis rugs, [298];
  • technicalities in weave of, [53];
  • resemblance between weave of Kutais and that of, [219].
  • Rugs described, [217], [218];
  • border stripes, [227].
• Tiger skin pattern, [267].
• Timurids, invasion of, [103], [136];
  • designs due to, [80], [166].
• Titian, [16].
• Toledo, [17].
• Toon, [108].
• Trebizond, [145], [163].
• Turanian races, geometric designs among, [62].
• Turkish Kilims, [280].
• Turmeric used as a dye, [41].
• Turtle border, [121], [132], [157];
  • probable origin of, [71], [79].
• Tuz Gul, lake, [187], [190].
• Tuzla rugs sometimes classed as Anatolians, [187].
  • Rugs described, [190].
• Type characteristics, not invariable, [v];
  • term defined, [107].
• U
• Urumiah lake, [150], [155], [224].
• Uzbeck Tartars, care of sheep by, [31.]
• V
• Valonia used as a mordant, [40].
• Value of antique carpets, [15], [16], [304].
• Vambery, Prof., cited, [241].
• Van lake, [141], [152], [224].
• Vandykes. _See_ Designs.
• Vellore, [259], [261].
• Vellore rugs described, [261].
• Victoria and Albert Museum, [93].
• Vienna publication of Oriental carpets, [80], 259.
• W
• Warangal, [259], [262].
• Warangal rugs described, [262].
• Warp, arrangement on loom, [46];
• • characteristics of, [51], [52];
  • illustrated, [49].
• Washing, materials for weaving, [33], [34], [36];
  • artificial, [300], [301].
• Weaving described, [46], [47];
  • illustrated, [49].
• “Wedding of the Foundling,” [92].
• Weft, arrangement of, [47];
  • technical characteristics of, [52], [53], [54], [55].
• Whirling Dervishes, at Konieh, [181].
• Williams, C. F., [78], [79], [93].
• Whistler cited, [17].
• Wise men of the East, [127].
• Wool, of the camel, [30], [32], [124], [153], [249];
  • of the goat, [30], [31], [142], [241], [245], [249];
  • of sheep, [30], [31];
  • of the yak, [30], [33];
  • spinning, [33];
  • washing, [33], 36.
• X
• Xenophon, [99], [140], [181].
• Xerxes, 115.
• Y
• Yak’s hair. _See_ Wool.
• Yaprak, [175].
• Yarkand, [247].
• Yarkand rugs, [234], [265], [282], [293].
• • Rugs described, [247], [248];
  • border stripes, [251].
• Yarn, [35].
• Yerkes sale, [15], [82], [86], [304], [306].
• Yezd, [110], [115], [222].
• Yezd rugs described, [115].
• Yomud rugs, [205], [233], [235], [293], [304];
  • colour scheme of Beshires similar to that of, [243].
  • Rugs described, [241], [242];
  • border stripes, [250], [251];
  • saddle-bags, [242].
• Yomud tribes, [235];
  • robbed of their land by Tekkes, [231], [241].
• Yuan dynasty, [266].
• Yung-ching, [269].
• Yung-ching rugs described, [269], [270];
  • border stripes, [274];
  • medallions, [273].
• Yuruk rugs, [289], [290], [304];
  • technicalities in weave of, [51].
  • Rugs described, [191], [192];
  • border stripes, [194].
• Yuruk tribes, [155], [163], [191], 220.
• Z
• Zabalpur rugs, [101].
• Zagros Mts., [21], [103], [140].
• Zarafshan river, [245].
• Zoroaster, [18], [58], [210].
• Zoroastrians, [69].