CONTENTS

PAGE
INTRODUCTION [XV]
CHAPTER
I.THE COUNTRY—ITS FOUR DIVISIONS—THE RIVERS—THE CLIMATE[1]
II.EARLIEST HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY[16]
III.THE EUROPEAN CONQUEST[24]
IV.THE SPANISH DOMINION[33]
V.THE SPANISH COLONIAL SYSTEM[49]
VI.THE ENGLISH FAILURE IN ARGENTINA[65]
VII.THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE[76]
VIII.ANARCHY AND DESPOTISM—THE WAR WITH PARAGUAY[87]
IX.MODERN ARGENTINA—SETTLEMENT AND PROGRESS[99]
X.THE CONSTITUTION—THE ARMY AND NAVY—GENERAL POLITICAL CONDITIONS[111]
XI.CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE—WAGES AND COST OF LIVING—IMMIGRATION[125]
XII.BUENOS AIRES[139]
XIII.ARGENTINE LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY[152]
XIV.RELIGION—EDUCATION—JOURNALISM AND LITERATURE[158]
XV.INDUSTRIAL ARGENTINA—RAILWAYS AND MINOR ENTERPRISES[178]
XVI.THE PASTORAL INDUSTRIES OF ARGENTINA[196]
XVII.COMMERCE AND FINANCE[210]
XVIII.AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL PRODUCTS[225]
XIX.BAHIA BLANCA AND PATAGONIA[238]
XX.ACROSS THE CONTINENT TO MENDOZA UNDER THE ANDES[254]
XXI.THE PARANA, ROSARIO, AND SANTA FÉ[265]
XXII.THE GRAN CHACO AND THE NORTHERN TOWNS[275]
XXIII.INFORMATION FOR ENGLISH TRAVELLERS[284]
BIBLIOGRAPHY[295]
INDEX[303]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLAZA DE MAYO, BUENOS AIRES[Frontispiece]
Photo kindly lent by the Proprietors of La Argentina
FACING PAGE
PLATELAYERS, BUENOS AIRES CENTRAL RAILWAY[5]
Photo kindly lent by the Buenos Aires Central Railway
ACONCAGUA[9]
Photo kindly lent by the Buenos Aires Pacific Railway
A LONELY SCENE, SIERRA DE LA VENTANA[12]
Photo kindly lent by the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway
ANDINE PASS[15]
Photo kindly lent by the South American Missionary Society
TROOP OF MARES[27]
La Argentina photo
RIVER LANDING STAGE[29]
Photo kindly lent by Bovril, Ltd.
BULL CALF[29]
Bovril, Ltd. photo
PATAGONIANS[43]
S. A. M. S. photo
THE RIVER URUGUAY[73]
Photo kindly lent by Lemco & Oxo
BOUNDARY LINE IN THE ANDES[82]
La Argentina photo
A SHEEP RUN[87]
La Argentina photo
PASEO AL BOSQUE, LA PLATA (PROVINCIAL CAPITAL)[101]
La Argentina photo
ESTANCIA[102]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
STATUE OF CHRIST[109]
B. A. P. R. photo
RACECOURSE, LA PLATA[111]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
CRUISER, SAN MARTIN[120]
La Argentina photo
THE PERMANENT WAY, BUENOS AIRES CENTRAL RAILWAY[129]
B. A. C. R. photo
PALERMO PARK, BUENOS AIRES[145]
B. A. P. R. photo
IMPORTED STALLION, "CYLLENE," WINNER OF THE ASCOT CUP[147]
Photo kindly lent by Mr. Clarence Hailey, High-street, Newmarket
IMPORTED STALLION, "DIAMOND JUBILEE," LATE PROPERTY OF H.M. KING EDWARD VII[150]
Mr. Clarence Hailey's photo
CATTLE DRINKING[155]
Lemco & Oxo photo
THE PAMPAS[157]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
GOVERNMENT HOUSE, CORDOBA[162]
La Argentina photo
MAR DEL PLATA[176]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
FREIGHT TRAIN FOR ENTRE RIOS CROSSING NEW BRIDGE[178]
B. A. C. R. photo
LOCOMOTIVE, BUENOS AIRES GREAT SOUTHERN RAILWAY[183]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
RAILWAY STATION, BUENOS AIRES GREAT SOUTHERN RAILWAY[185]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
RAILWAY CARRIAGE, BUENOS AIRES CENTRAL RAILWAY[188]
B. A. C. R. photo
ABERDEEN ANGUS CATTLE, SANTA MARIA, ENTRE RIOS[196]
Lemco & Oxo photo
LINCOLN CHAMPION. EXHIBITED BY MR. M. J. COBO[201]
La Argentina photo
AN ESTANCIERO'S HOUSE[203]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
LEMCO AND OXO PREMISES[205]
Lemco & Oxo photo
PURE BRED HEREFORD BULL (OXO)[207]
Lemco & Oxo photo
PEDIGREE COW AND CALF[208]
Lemco and Oxo photo
ESTANCIA SANTA MARIA[210]
Lemco and Oxo photo
GROUP OF HEREFORDS[210]
Lemco & Oxo photo
LA CROZE TRAMWAY, NEAR BUENOS AIRES[221]
B. A. C. R. photo
COUNTRY LIFE IN ARGENTINA[227]
B. A. C. R. photo
THE PRINCIPAL STREET OF MENDOZA[229]
B. A. P. R. photo
A MENDOZA VINEYARD[229]
B. A. P. R. photo
BULLOCK-BREAKING IN JUJUY[234]
S. A. M. S. photo
AN OSTRICH[234]
Bovril, Ltd. photo
LA VENTANA[238]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
TANDIL ROCKING-STONE[241]
B. A. G. S. R. photo
CHUBUT VALLEY[245]
Photo kindly lent by the Chubut Railway
AMONG THE CACTUS[250]
S. A. M. S. photo
ST. DAVID'S ANGLICAN CHURCH, CHUBUT[250]
S. A. M. S. photo
INDIAN CHILD[250]
S. A. M. S. photo
A VIEW OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO[252]
La Argentina photo
GUANACOS IN THE PARK OF MR. HECTOR COBO[254]
La Argentina photo
RIVER MENDOZA[256]
B. A. P. R. photo
THE HOTEL, PUENTE DEL INCA[258]
B. A. P. R. photo
PUENTE DEL INCA[261]
B. A. P. R. photo
VIEW OF MARSHY COUNTRY, BUENOS AIRES CENTRAL RAILWAY[263]
B. A. C. R. photo
QUAY ON THE RIVER URUGUAY[266]
Lemco & Oxo photo
COLON, ENTRE RIOS[266]
Lemco & Oxo photo
ROSARIO, THE LAW COURTS[268]
La Argentina photo
CALLE CORDOBA, ROSARIO[271]
La Argentina photo
THE IGUAZU FALLS[274]
La Argentina photo
CHIRIGUANOS AND MATACOS[276]
S. A. M. S. photo
CAMP TRAVEL[276]
S. A. M. S. photo
TUCUMAN[282]
La Argentina photo
PACKET STEAM NAVIGATION CO.'S ORCOMA[285]
Photo kindly lent by the Pacific Steam Navigation Co.

INTRODUCTION

The most stupendous achievement ever attained by a nation in so short a time was the discovery, conquest, and settlement of Mexico and South America by Spain within the compass of a century. To fix indelibly and for ever upon the peoples of a vast continent the language, religion, customs, polity, and laws of a nation on the other side of the globe called for qualities which could only be temporarily evoked by an irresistible common sentiment. The sentiment which gave to Spain for a time the potency to carry through simultaneously the tasks of imposing religious orthodoxy upon Christendom and founding her great colonial empire was pride: pride of religion, race, and person, deliberately fostered by rulers for political ends. This origin of the delusive strength that carried the Conquistadores through an untracked continent regardless of perils and sufferings, and made South America Spanish, rendered inevitable that the rewards, national and individual, should disappoint the recipients. For pride and its concomitant covetousness are never satisfied; and the frenzied thirst for rapid riches and distinction that spurred the Spanish explorers and conquerors onward rarely ended in the idle luxurious dignity that was their goal, and it ultimately brought to the mother country nought but penury and degradation.

It was ignorance of economic truth that led Spaniards in the sixteenth century to regard the possession of the precious metals as wealth, regardless of circumstances: and the error coloured the whole domination of Spain in the New World. That the nation and the individual should hope to become permanently powerful and rich by obtaining vast stores of the metallic medium whilst discouraging productive industry appears to modern ideas ridiculous, but to the discoverers of America it was regarded as quite the natural course of events. The effect is seen in the rapid subjection and development of the regions believed to be rich in the precious metals, and the comparative neglect of the vast territories where patience and the labour of man were needed to win nature's abundant bounty from the fertile soil.