Opium War, the, its causes, precipitation, and effects, [150-162]

Oyama, Field-marshal, in the Russo-Japanese War, [187-192]

P's, the three—pen, paper, and printing, invention of, [116]

Palmerston, Lord, invites cooperation of France, Russia and the United States concerning the Arrow case, [164]

P'an-keng, of the house of Shang, moves his capital five times, [81]

P'anku, the "ancient founder," [71]

Paoting-fu, in Chihli province, scene of martyrdom of missionaries, [40]

Parker, Dr. Peter, missionary at Canton, [284]

Parkes, Consul and the Arrow case, [162], [163], [164]

Patachu, summer resort near Peking, [34-35]
its eight Buddhist temples, [35]