INDEX
[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [X], [Y], [Z]
A
Abbassides, Khalifs at Baghdad, [4], [115-6] n., [349];
their last living descendant, [132]
Abdi Agha (of the Sindiguli Kurds), his stronghold at Tanina, [311-2];
his “hint” to the men of Amadia, [325-6]
Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of Turkey, incidents of his rule, [37], [38];
arms the Kurds as Hamidié irregulars, [168];
countenances the Armenian Massacres, [232], [292];
his deposition deplored in Mosul, [79];
his reverence for Sheikh Abd-l-Kadr of Kirkuk, [343];
his endorsement of Ali’s Firman at Adeljivas, [243];
lèse-majesté in the expression, H_{2}O., [226]
Abdurrahman the Kurd, his robbery of our messenger, [331];
his imprisonment and release, [331-3]
Abgarus, King of Osroëne, legend of, [18-9]
Ablahad the Deacon, his exploits and death, [192-4]
Abraham the Patriarch, claimed as tutelary saint of Urfa, [22-3];
teaches his descendants to offer sacrifices, [187]
Adeljivas, the Armenian priest of, and his hereditary privilege, [242-3]
Akra, [128-33]; [401-2]
Aleppo, [1-7];
origin of name, [22] n.
Alexander the Great, his victory at Arbela, [115];
his design to fix his capital at Babylon, [356-7];
his theatre there, ib.
Ali (the fourth Khalif), his Firman to the family of the Armenian priest at Adeljivas, [242-3]
Ali Beg (Mira of the Yezidis), [93];
his castle, [106-7];
his authority over his followers, [107-8];
murdered by his successor, [108-9]
Ali Ihsan, Turkish General, [382-3]
Ali Riza (Vali of Van), interviewed by David, the Fedai informer, [252];
his steps to suppress the Fedais, [252-7]
Alkosh, [116-7]
Amadia, [43-4], [321-33], [337];
Kai makam of, endeavours to expel us from Sapna, [324-5];
our dealings with him concerning Abdurrahman the Kurd, [331-3]
Amida, see Diarbekr
Anastasius, Emperor, gives orders for the building of Daras, [49]
Antioch, [5];
seat of Patriarchate, [44-6]
Arabs, costume of, [9-10];
encampment of, [65-7];
unruliness of, [65], [85-6], [99], [399-401]
Aram, chief of the Fedais at Van, captured, [256-7];
Amnestied, and let loose again, [258-9]
Ararat, Aghri Dagh, [25], [335]
Archbishop’s Assyrian Mission, see Preface;
also, [153], [262], [271], [321]
Armenians, their national characteristics, [237-9];
their conquest by the Turks, [238];
their condition under the Turks, [35-6], [239-45];
their perverseness, [240-1];
massacred in 1895 at Urfa, [17] n.;
also at Diarbekr, [34-6];
and elsewhere, [244-5];
escape their pursuers in the Chokh Mountains, [231-2];
sheltered by Zohar Agha, [232];
Their revolutionary organizations, [245-7];
their outbreaks at Mush and Van in 1905, [247-51];
their arsenals betrayed, [252-3];
their murder of the informer, [254];
their leaders captured, [255-7];
and amnestied at the Revolution, [257];
impracticability of their Programme of “Reform,” [257-9];
massacres in the Great War, [360], [363-4], [383], [385], [387-91];
resistance of their fighting units, [378], [382]
Assur, see Kala Shergat
Assyrian Empire, [39], [122-4];
its final fall, [83-4], [114];
its conquest of Urmi, [200];
of Urartu, [236-7];
and of Babylon, [121], [352-3]
Assyrian remains, at Nineveh, [69], [83-5], [114];
at Bavian, [121-4];
at Amadia, [320-1];
at Kala Shergat, [343-6]
Assyrians, the East Syrian Highlanders supposed to be descended from them, [112], [168];
their share in the Great War, [359-387];
under British protection at Baqubah, [392-400];[{422}]
difficulties of re-settlement, [400-415], see also East Syrian Christians
Assyrian contingent, formation, [393-4];
exploits, [394-5], [399-400];
disbandment, [396];
re-embodiment, [399];
dissolution under Petros Agha, [404-5];
re-constitution under Iraq government, [408]
Avalanches, [285-6];
escapes from, [278], [285-6];
Armenian escape through, [231-2]
B
Babylon, [350-7];
destroyed by Sennacherib, [121], [352-3];
rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar, [352-4];
chosen by Alexander the Great as the capital of his empire, [356-7]
Babylonian charms, still in use, against the evil eye, etc., [329] n.
Babylonian remains, at Samarra, [348-9];
at Babylon, [350-7]
Baghdad, [349-50]
Baghdad Railway, progress of, at Aleppo, [1-2];
at Mosul, [85];
at Baghdad, [349-50]
Bajan, Malik of Balulan, his exploits and death, [189]
Baldwin I and II, Counts of Edessa in the Crusades, [20-1]
Bar Soma, Bishop of Nisibis, founds the University of Nisibis, [58]
Baqubah, formation of refugee camp, [386], [392], [396];
attacked by revolted Arabs, [399-400]
Barzan, the Sheikh of, [134-54];
his country, [134-7];
his “palace,” [137-8];
his fair treatment of his subjects, [138], [153-4], [312-3];
devotion of his clansmen, [141], [143-5];
his war with the Government, [139-41], [143-5];
his reception of us at Suryi, [142-3];
his quashing of Tettu’s Jehad, [143-4];
his request for medical assistance, [146-7];
his “score” off the Heriki Kurds, [149-51];
put to death by Turks, [369];
storming of Barzan village, [403]
Bashkala, [226-7], [231];
postal arrangements at, [226-7]
Bathing al fresco in the mountain districts, [294-5]
Bavian, Assyrian sculptures at, [121-4]
Baz, [167], [303] n., [366], [370], [381]
Bazaar, humours of, at Akra, [132-3];
Persian, at Urmi, [196-7]
Bedr Khan Beg, Mira of Bohtan, his massacres of the Syrian Christians in 1845, [37], [279], [338];
banished to Candia, [37] n.;
reproved by his brother, [318]
Bedr Khan Beg, grandson of last, suppressed by the Government, [37]
Bedr Khan Beg, of the Begzadi Kurds, his dark and sunny sides, [190], [193-4]
Begzadi Kurds, [189]
Belisarius wins the battle of Daras, [52-3];
his previous escape, [56]
Berwar, [311], [319-20];
Jewish village raided on Good Fridays by the Tyari Christians, [304];
misdeeds of Mira Reshid, [311-16];
in the Great War, [366], [369], [404];
resettlement in, [409]
Bibaydi, building of English Mission House, [321] et seq.;
its conversion into British military post, [395-6];
selection as the seat of the Patriarchate, [411]
Blood money, awarded in expiation for murder, [303]
Blood offerings, practised by Abraham, [187];
by the Yezidis at Sheikh Adi, [101], [104];
by the Christians at Mar B’Ishu, [187-8];
and at Mar Sergius and elsewhere, [205-6];
by Moslems at the Feast of Bairam, [187];
by all creeds at Noah’s Altar on Judi Dagh, [335]
Bohtan, see Bedr Khan Beg, tale of the Christian Captive, [337-8]
Bridges—at Shuster, said to have been built by the captive Emperor Valerian, [16];
at Dara (Roman), [52] n.;
at Nisibis (Roman), [59];
at Mosul, [82-3];
near Suryi (the “Bridge of Rocks” erected by the Heriki Kurds), [149];
in the mountain districts, [288];
at Chumba, [296];
at Lizan, held against the Kurdish raiders, [315]
British Consul (from Van, 1909), affronted by Sheikh Musa of Neri, [165-6];
attacked by escort in Gawar, [179-82];
entertained by an ingenuous Agha between Urmi and Van, [228-9];
(from Tabriz) at Urmi on the frontier commission, [219-20];
hears of our murder, and arranges for our funeral, [225-6];
(from Mosul) canvasses Abdi Agha in our interest, [325-6];
visits us at Amadia, [326], [331];
his interview with the Servian prophetess, [326];
(from Van, 1902) attacked by Kurds in Sapna, [329-30][{423}]
British Consulates—at Diarbekr, [40-1];
at Mosul, [69-70], [75], [340];
its establishment the cause of a mild religious riot, [79-80];
at Van, a good point for seeing the fight between the Government troops and the Fedais, [253-4];
at Baghdad, [350]
British influence, a waning quantity, [40-1];
exerted on behalf of the Yezidis, [107];
to secure fair usage for the Sheikh of Barzan, [140];
and on behalf of the East Syrian Christians, [272];
a valuable factor for the prevention of oppression, [41], [263-4], [321], [324]
British invasion of Mesopotamia, [379], [382-4], [386-7]
Browne, the late Rev. W. H., incidents of his life at Qudshanis, [271-3];
his perilous predicament in the hands of the men of Tkhuma, [299-300]
C
Capital punishment, as carried out at Mosul, [77-9];
as left in abeyance at Van, [244]
Carchemish, [13]
Cave monasteries, at Urfa, [18] n.;
at Dara, [54-5];
at Rabban Hormizd, [117-20];
at Bavian, [121];
at Maragha, [185] n.
Censorship of books in Turkey, [226]
Census taking in the mountains, [174-5]
Châl, raided by the Tyari men, [297-8];
sacked by Assyrians, [377], [404]
Châl, The Agha of: mudir, murderer, and Jew farmer, [317];
joins coalition against Assyrians, [366];
reconciled to British authority, [404];
Tabriz’ vendetta against him, [410]
Chaldæan Christians (Uniat Nestorians), [80-1];
in the monastery of Rabban Hormizd, [118-9];
proposal to eliminate them in Tal, [303-4];
their bishop in Sapna, his medæival methods of controversy, [321-3]
Charrae, Crassus’ defeat at, [16];
Valerian’s defeat at, ib.;
its identity with Abraham’s Haran, [22] n.
Chokh Dagh, the road across, [231];
escape of Armenian fugitives in its gorges, [231-2]
Chôl, the, [61-8]
Cholera, at Urmi, [207]
Chosroës I., king of the Sassanid Persians, his siege of Edessa, [31] n.
Chosroës II., king of the Sassanid Persians, his capture of the “True Cross,” [188];
his defeat by the Emperor Heraclius at Nineveh, [115];
his palace at Seleucia-Ctesiphon, [354]
Churches—at Dara, in the Cave Monastery, [55];
at Deir el Za’aferan, [44];
at Erdil, Oramar, [154-5];
at Rabat, Tal, rebuilt by the villagers, [302-3];
at Rabban Hormizd, [119-20];
at Shwawutha, [263], 2[74] n.;
at Urfa, scene of the Armenian massacre, [17];
of Mar Abd’ Ishu, Tal, [306-7];
of Mar B’Ishu, Gawar, [185-8];
of Mar Giwergis, Lizan, [315];
of Mar Sergius, Urmi, [205-6];
of Mar Shalitha, Qudshanis, [273-6];
of Mar Zeia Jilu, [171-3];
sack of, [370];
of Mart Miriam, Urmi, [202];
of Mart Miriam, Walto, [291];
of St. James at Nisibin (fourth-century Roman), [59-61];
of SS. Peter and Paul at Van, its property registered in the names of the patron saints, [241]
Commandeering of our horses by Sheikh Musa at Neri, [165-6];
of an English traveller’s horses by soldiers at Diza of Gawar, [182-3]
Constantius, Emperor, fortifies Amida, [30]
Costume, of Arabs and Kurds, [9-10];
of the upper official classes, [10];
of the Yezidis, [92], [106-8];
of Syrian and Kurdish mountaineers, [112-3], [143];
of Syrian women, [152];
of Persians at Urmi, [197];
of Seyyids at Urmi, [209];
in Mar Shimun’s Diwan, [276]
Cox, Sir Percy, Chief Commissioner of Mesopotamia, [399], [411] n.
Crassus, defeated by the Parthians at Charrae, [16]
Crusaders, employed as captives to build Aleppo citadel, [3];
their capture and loss of Edessa, [20-1]
Cyaxares, king of the Medes, captures Nineveh, [83]
D
Dara, anciently Daras, the building of the city, [48-9];
its ruins, [48-52];
the battle, [52-3];
the ancient quarries, [54-5]
David d’Mar Shimun, his leadership during the war, [366], [377], [381];
his escape at the murder of the Patriarch, [380];
his son elected to the Patriarchate, 400[{424}]
David, the Armenian informer, betrays the rebel arsenals at Van, [252-3];
murdered, [254]
Deir el Za’aferan, [44-6]
Derceto, worshipped at Edessa, [23]
Devil worship, see Yezidis
Dhuspas, see Van
Diarbekr, anciently Amida, its walls and monuments, [26-9];
its siege by Sapor, II, [30-1];
by Kobad, [31-3];
and by Farzman, [33-4];
massacre of the Armenians at, [34-5];
British Consulate at, [40-1];
massacres during the Great War, [389]
Diz, the Qasha and the looted cow, [291-2];
during the war, [365], [372-4]
Diza of Gawar, [179], [180-3], [185]
Donkeys, regarded as infra dig by the Ashirets, [288-9];
their use on Kelegs, [348] n.
E
East Syrian Christians (Nestorians), [80-1], [112], [118-9];
origin and former importance of their church, [19], [264-5];
its present condition, [150-3], [202-4], [265];
their patriarch and hierarchy, [264-8], [112-3];
their churches, rites and ceremonies, [185-8], [274-6];
their constancy to their religion, [154], [177], [337-8]
Eden, traditional site of, [26], [235], [264]
Edessa, see Urfa
Enver Pasha, invades Trans-Caucasia [361-2];
his responsibility for Armenian massacres, [387], [391]
Episcopate in the East Syrian Church, hereditary, [266-8]
Erdil, [147-57]
Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, [122], [353];
his palace at Nineveh, Nebi Yunus, [84-5]
Euphrates River, crossing of, [12-3]
Evil Eye, belief in, and charms against, [328-9]
F
Farzman, recaptures Amida from the Persians, [33-4]
Fasting, as a religious observance, importance of, in an Oriental’s eyes, [259], [277-8], [338], [342];
the “Rogation of the Ninevites,” [85] n.;
strictness of the Nestorian Lent, [303]; [405] n.
Fedais (Armenian Terrorists), their methods and organization, [245-7];
their outbreak at Mush, [247-50];
their exploits there, [247-9];
their strongholds, [249-50];
their incursion into Van, [250-1];
their arsenals betrayed, [252-4];
their leaders captured, [255-6];
and amnestied, [257];
their proceedings since the Revolution, [257-9]
Ferries, across the Euphrates near Birijik, [12-3];
across the Tigris at Mosul, [82];
across the Zab at Barzan, [136-7]
Feuds, general conduct of, [167-9], [292-4];
dormant in the “Apostles’” house, [292];
composed by the Patriarch’s intervention, [268-70], [298];
by payment of blood money, [303];
feuds between Christians and Kurds in Tergawar, [189-90], [192-4];
the author unwittingly involved, [223-5];
feuds between the men of Châl and Tkhuma, [143], [297-8];
between Reshid Beg and the men of Lizan, [314-5]
Fire worship, traces of, [101], [199-200]
Fishing, by dynamite, [229];
in the river-bed after an avalanche, [286]
Fountain worship, traces of, [100], [101]
G
Gawar, [176-85];
oppression of the Christian inhabitants, [177-9];
attacked in the marshes by our own escort, [179-82];
state of the Government, [182-3];
the Cave of the Jann, [183-5];
massacres during the war, [362], [372];
proposed resettlement of Assyrians in, [397-8], [401-5]
German excavators, at Kala Shergat, [343-7];
at Babylon, [352-7]
Ghara, [311];
Reshid Agha wishes to be enrolled as a British subject, [323-4]
Ghufas, in use on the lower Tigris, [347-9]
Goblins, etc., belief in, [183-4], [333-5]
Gregory the Illuminator, Saint, converts the Armenians, [238-9]
H
Haidar Beg, Vali of Mosul, his murder of Hormizd, [368];
of the Sheikh of Barzan, [369]
Haji Kas, and how his own son bought him, story of, [210-4]
Hakkiari, see Barzan, Jilu, Neri, Oramar, Tkhuma, Tyari, etc.
Hassan and Hosein, sons of Ali, the mourning for them at Urmi (Mohurram), [207-8];
tombs of their comrades at Samarra, [348];
Pilgrimage to Hosein’s tomb at Kerbela, [220], [350-1][{425}]
Hassan Beg, of the Marku Kurds, Governor of Urmi, [214-5]
Heraclius, Emperor, his victory over the Persians at Nineveh, [115]
Heriki Kurds, their migrations and depredations, [127-8], [159-60];
their original home, [162-3];
their tribal palladium, ib.;
their encounter with the Sheikh of Barzan, [149-51];
their orisons at the shrine of Mar Sergius, [206];
“Hermit Crab Act” (so-called) [177-9];
plundered of their sheep by Assyrians during the war, [377]
Hermits’ cells attached to churches, [206], [275] n.
Herodotus, inaccuracies in his description of kelegs and ghufas, [348] n.;
of the walls of Babylon, [351-2];
and of the Babylonian temples, [354-5]
High places for worship,
[3], [62], [233-4], [343]
Hittites, traces of their empire, [13-4], [344]
Hormizd d’Mar Shimun, murdered by the Turkish government, [368]
Houses, at Diarbekr, [28];
at Mosul, [70-1];
identical with the plans of the ancient houses at Assur, [346];
at Akra, [129], [131];
in the mountain districts, [142] n., [153]
I
Inns and lodgings, on the plains, [8-9], [109], [125-6];
in the mountains, [152-3], [155]
Invulnerability, reputations of, [189], [329-30]
Ishtar, Temple of, at Babylon, [354-6]
Ismail, Malik of Chumba, protects the Turkish soldiers who seek refuge with him, [296-7]
J
Jacobites, Monophysite Christians, [44-46];
at Deir el Za’aferan, the seat of their Patriarch, ib.;
at Nisibin, [61];
at Mosul, [80-1];
at Sheikh Mattai, [118];
in Sapna, [312];
formerly at Tekrit, [347];
massacres during the Great War, [364], [391]
Jaffar Agha, murdered by the Shah at Tabriz, [216]
James of Nisibis, Saint, his defence of Nisibis, [57];
his church and tomb, [59-61]
Jebel Maklub, [116];
monastery of Sheikh Mattai, [118]
Jebel Sinjar, [67];
Yezidi stronghold, [90], [102], [154] n.
Jebel Tur, a district full of ancient monasteries, [42-3], [46]
Jevdet of Ghara, his difficulties as to the marriage of his daughter, [330-1]
Jevdet Bey, Vali of Van, his massacres of Assyrians, [383];
and of Armenians, [389], [390]
Jews at Mosul, claiming descent from the ten tribes, [81-2];
in Berwar, making the same claim, [304];
at Bashkala, [226];
suspected of ritual murder, [88] n.;
raided by the Tyari Christians on Good Fridays, [304];
farmed by the Agha of Châl, [317];
and by other Kurdish Aghas, [317-8];
their pilgrimage to Nahum’s tomb at Alkosh, [116];
and to Noah’s altar, [335]
Jilu, [167-76];
wandering habits of the tribesmen, [169-71];
their Church of Mar Zeia, [171-3];
the Diwan of their bishop, [173-4];
troubles of a census taker, [174-5];
during the war, [366], [370], [377]
Job, said to have dwelt at Urfa, [22] n.
Jonah the Prophet, his reputed tomb at Nineveh, [84-5];
his fast, [85] n.;
his estimate of the size of Nineveh confirmed, [114]
Judi Dagh, the traditional resting-place of the Ark, [335-6]
Julian, Emperor, defeated by Sapor II, [57-8], [348]
Justinian, Emperor, attempts to suppress the Jacobites, [45];
his castle between Dara and Nisibin, [56]
K
Kala Shergat, anciently Assur, excavations, [343-6]
Karaja Dagh, [25-6]
Kelegs, on the Tigris, [70], [340-2], [347];
on the Zab, [136-7];
employed for transporting the Assyrian sculptures, [122]
Kerbela, [220], [348], [350-1]
Khoja Nazr-ed-din and the Seyyid, story of, [209]
Khosbaba of Lizan, his leadership during the war, [371], [374], [381]
Khoshab Kala, [232-3]
Kirkuk, [343]
Kobad, king of the Sassanid Persians, captures Amida, [31-3];
sends his queen on pilgrimage to the monastery at Dara, [54] n.;[{426}]
defeats Justinian’s army, [55-6]
Kouyunjik, see Nineveh, origin of name, [102]
Kurds, their origin, [39] n.; [111];
their costume, [9-10], [112-3];
their toughness and hardihood, [133], [168-9], [173-4], [278], [329-330];
their turbulence and plundering, [39-40], [216-8], [222-4], [263-4];
their oppression of Christians, [177-8], [279], [319], [337] n.;
and of Yezidis, [99-100], [102];
favoured by the Government to its own detriment, [38-9], [178-9];
see also Barzan, Begzadi, Châl, Heriki, Neri, Sapna, Reshid Agha, Zohar Agha, &c.; in the Great War;
acquiescence in Assyrian repatriation, [409]
L
Labaree, the Rev. Benjamin, of the American Mission, murdered, [191] n., [224] n.
Languages of the various tribes, [10], [111-2], [265], [289]
Legends, of the Roman columns in Urfa Citadel, [18] n.;
of King Abgarus of Osroëne, [18-9];
of Rabban Ephrem of Urfa, [21-2];
of Abraham at Urfa, [22-3];
of Sheikh Adi and Melek Taüs, [105];
of Rabban Hormizd at Sheikh Mattai, [117-8];
of the woman of Sat and the Devil, [160-1];
of the True Cross, [188];
of St. Thomas walking across Lake Urmi, [201];
of the Wise Men of the East, [202];
of Prester John, [262];
of the hoopoe, [283];
of the Tyari man and his father, [308-9];
of the Tyari men searching for the sun, [309-10];
of Noah and the Deluge, [90], [335-7]
Liturgy of the East Syrian Christians, [270] n., [275-6]
Lizan, raided by Mira Reshid of Berwar, [314-5];
the defence of the bridge, [315];
during the war, [366], [371], [374]
Lyke-wake for the dead, [278-9]
M
Madness, as treated at “Churches of Name,” [120], [206];
by the Tyari men, [308];
and by the Archbishop’s Mission, [327-8]
Mardin, [42-6]
Mar Dinkha, Bishop of Tergawar, [191];
his martyrdom; [362]
Marku Kurds, [214], [218]
Marriage, inadmissible when the best man has been smoking, [277] n.;
marriage problems submitted for our solution at Amadia, [330-1]
Mar Sergius, Bishop of Jilu, [172-4]
Mar Shimun (Benyamin), Patriarch of the East Syrian Christians, [262], [264];
his temporal authority, [262], [265-6], [279-80];
his ecclesiastical jurisdiction, [262], [266-7], [271], [273-4];
his youth, [266-8];
his reputation among his people, [141], [268];
his interventions as peace-maker [268-70], [298];
his Diwan, [276-9];
his leadership of his people during the Great War, [359-81];
his personal heroism, [368], [371];
murder by Simko Agha, [380-1]
Mar Shimun (Ishai), his election to the Patriarchate, [400];
his resettlement at Bibaydi, [411]
Mar Shimun (Polus) his election to the Patriarchate, [381];
his death, [396-7]
Mawana, siege and relief, [192-3].
Massacres, of the Armenians at Urfa, [17] n.;
at Diarbekr, [34-6];
in Van Vilayet, [231-2], [244-5], [250], [254];
of the East Syrian Christians by Bedr Khan Beg, [37], [279];
of the Yezidis, [99-100], [102];
by Kobad at Amida, [32-3];
by Timour in Mesopotamia, [4-5], [265];
in the Great War, [360-4], [368], [372], [383-91]
Medical treatment, as suggested by a Yedizi hakim, [146];
as practised by a Syrian hakim, [174];
and by the Archbishop’s Mission, [146-7], [173-4], [327-30], [332-3]
Mejid-es-Sultaneh, Governor of Urmi, [215];
administration of his estate, [221-3];
conduct during the war, [361], [385]
Melek Taüs, Satan, the Yezidi deity, [90-106]
Mergawar, [188], [360]
Mesopotamia, [16], [42], [61-4], [341-9];
irrigation scheme, [357-8];
British administration of, [373], [392-3], [396-9], [405-8], [412-15]
Mindan, refugee camp at, [398], [400], [406], [408-10]
Mohammed the Prophet, his reputed Firman to the Church of Mar Zeia, Jilu, [172-3];
and to the Patriarchal Church at Qudshanis, 279[{427}]
Mohammedans, mission work among, [204]
Mohurram, at Urmi, [215]
Money, in Turkey, [14-5]
Mosul, [69-83], [85-6], [340-1];
description of city, [69-72];
incidents of life in it, [72-83]
Murderous attempts upon Europeans, upon the author and the British Consul in Gawar, [179-82];
upon the author between Urmi and Van, [223-6];
upon the Rev. Benjamin Labaree (American), murdered in 1905, [191] n., [224] n.;
upon an Englishman in Hakkiari, [277] n.;
upon Capt. Maunsell, R.A., British Consul at Van in 1902, [329]
Mush, Armenian outbreak, [247-50];
exploits of the Fedai parties, [247-9]
N
Nabopolassar, Allied with Cyaxares against Nineveh, [83];
begins to rebuild Babylon, [352]
Nahum the Prophet, his tomb at Alkosh, [116-7]
Nazim Pasha, Vali of Baghdad, at Mosul, [70];
makes peace with the Sheikh of Barzan, [140]
Nebuchadnezzar, his victory at Carchemish, [13];
his rebuilding of Babylon, [352-4];
claimed as an ancestor by some Mountain Syrians, [112]
Neri, the Sheikh of, [163-7];
Sheikh Obeid Allah, [163];
Sheikh Saddik, his tobacco smuggling, [163];
his banking account in London, [163-4];
his oppression of Christians, [164];
his judgment concerning the inspired cock, [164-5];
Sheikh Taha, [165];
his dispute with his uncle Abd-l-Kadr, [166-7];
his brother’s (Sheikh Musa’s) affront to the British Consul, [165-6]
Nestorians, see East Syrian Christians
Nimrud Dagh, [25], [235];
Fedai stronghold in crater, [249]
Nineveh, site of the city, [83-5], [114-5];
its size, [114];
its fall, [83-4];
battles upon the site, [115]
Niphates mountains, the modern Hakkiari, [135], [235]
Nisibin, anciently Nisibis, [56-61];
captured by Lucellus, [56];
besieged by Sapor II, [57];
ceded to Persia by Jovian, [57-8];
Bar Soma’s University, [58];
Church of St. James, [59-61]
Noah, building of the Ark, [90];
voyage of the Ark, [335];
the Ark rests on Judi Dagh, Noah’s Altar, tomb, and vineyard, [335-6];
the Ark represented as a Ghufa, [347-8]
O
Old manuscripts, rumours of their existence, [154], [228]
Omar, second khalif, supposed to have granted toleration to the Nestorians, [172], [279]
Omayyedes, Khalifs at Damascus, [103] n., [115-6] n.
Oramar, [148-57];
Agha of, joins coalition against Assyrians, [366];
betrays Cossack re-inforcement, [369];
his stronghold sacked, [377]
Osman Bey, Vali of Mosul, his massacre of the Yezidis, [99-100]
Osroëne, see Abgarus
P
Persian officials at Urmi, their impotence, [194], [208], [214-8];
their attempts to put down the Seyyids, [214-5];
and to remedy disorder by assassination, [215-6], [217-8], [378], [380];
conduct during the war, [360-2], [375-6], [379-80], [410]
Pennington, Capt., R.A.F., his flight from Miani to Urmi, [384]
Petros Ello of Baz, his youthful rogueries, [218];
his leadership of the Assyrian armies, [381-6];
his impracticable pretensions since the armistice, [394], [397-8], [407-8], [411];
his futile irruption into Hakkiari, [401-5]
Prester John, legend of, [262], [265]
Prisons in Turkey, [151], [331-2];
easy-going confinement of prisoners, [75], [243-4];
rumours of the employment of torture, [256];
escape of Qasha Tuma and his deacon, [301-2]
Q
Qashas (priests), married men, [113];
usually non-combatants in fights, [190]
Qudshanis, [264-80];
site of village, [264], see also Mar Shimun;
deserted by Patriarch, [364];
burned by Kurds, [366];
“Waters of Qudshanis,” [374]
Qurbana (the Eucharist), among the East Syrian Christians, [275-6], [338];
a Jacobite monk’s query respecting it, 46[{428}]
[R]
Rabat, building of the church, [302-3]
Rabban Ephrem of Urfa, legend of, [21-2]
Rabban Hormizd, legend of, [117-8]
Rabban Hormizd, the Cave Monastery, [117-20]
Rabbans and Rabbantas, [113], [270-1]
Rabban Werda, [113];
at Sheikh Adi, [97-8];
at Rabban Hormizd, [118-9];
at Bavian, [123];
his journey to Bohtan, [337-8]
Raids, general theory and practice, [39-40], [167-9], [291], [323];
women not molested formerly, [168], [292];
raids by the Kurds on Urmi plain, [216-8], [223];
at Shwawutha, [263-4];
by Mira Reshid on Lizan, [314-6];
by the Tkhuma men on Châl, [297-8];
by the Diz men, [291-2];
by the Tyari men on Berwar, [304];
by the Kurds on the Yezidis, [99-100], [102];
see also Bedr Khan Beg, Heriki Kurds, etc.
Reshid Agha, of Ghara, his fifteen murders, and his wish to become a British subject, [323-4]
Reshid Beg, Mira of Berwar, his brigandage, [311-3];
his profits as a tax-gatherer, [313];
his Jehad against Lizan, [314-5];
his evasion of punishment, [316];
joins coalition against Assyrians, [366];
recognized as representative of British authority, [404]
Revolution in Turkey, general results, [38], [130-1], [257-61]
Ritual murder, charged against Jews and Yezidis, [88] n.
Roads, [16-7], [41-2], [47], [231]
Roman remains, near Aleppo, [7-8];
at Urfa, [17-8];
at Diarbekr, [26-9];
at Deir el Za’aferan, [44];
near Mardin, [48];
at Dara, [48-51], [54-6];
at Nisibin, [56-61];
between Urmi and Van, [227-8]
Rowandiz, Beg of, massacres the Yezidis, [102]
Russia, her support courted by Kurdish intriguers, [37], [139];
intervenes in the Tergawar frontier dispute, [195];
occupies Urmi, [208], [220];
the asylum of the Armenian revolutionists, [245-6];
evacuates Urmi, [360-1];
returns, [362], [375];
relieves Van, [365], [390];
invites the Assyrians to join in the war, [365];
accords them slight support, [366], [368-9], [371], [376-7];
collapses, [377-80]
S
Sabonji Pasha, the “Tammany Boss” of Mosul, [73], [85];
foments the war with the Sheikh of Barzan, [139], [140] n.
Sakkiyehs, on the Tigris banks, [343]
Saladin, [21];
builds the citadel at Aleppo, [3];
owner of Khoshab Kala, [232-3]
Salmas, [371-2], [374], [376]
Samarra, [348-9]
Sapna, eastern portion, see Barzan, [135-8];
anarchy in western portion, [311-3];
the Chaldaean bishop and his intrigues, [321-3];
during the war, [366];
re-settlement schemes, [395-6], [411]
Sapor I, king of the Sassanid Persians, defeats the Emperor Valerian, [16]
Sapor II, king of the Sassanid Persians, captures Amida, [30-1];
repulsed at Nisibis, [57];
defeats the Emperor Julian, [57-8], [348]
Sargon, king of Assyria, leads the ten tribes of Israel captive, [81-2], [304]
Sassanian Empire, see Chosroës, Kobad, and Sapor;
also Bar Soma
Sassanian remains, at Urfa, [18];
at Seleucia Ctesiphon, [354]
Sat, tale of the woman of Sat, [160-1];
the forgotten Mudir, [161-2];
the Heriki Valley, [162-3]
Savage and Scott-Ollson, Capts., 14th Hussars. Rescue of Assyrian refugees, [386]
Second sight, instances of, [304-6], [326-7]
Seleucid Empire, [343]
Seljuk sultans, [21], [132]
Seljukian remains, [232]
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, his destruction of Babylon, [121], [352-3];
his palace at Nineveh (Koyunjik), [83-4];
his quarries at Bavian, [121-4]
Serpent worship, traces of, [101]
Seyyid Ullah, of Mosul, his burglaries and smuggling, [74-5]
Seyyids, at Urmi, their insolence, [208-9];
attempts to deal with them by Governors of Urmi, [208-15];
and by Bedr Khan Beg, [190-1];
see also Khoja Nazr-ed-din, and Haji Kas
Shamashas, deacons, in the East Syrian Church, [112], [190], [192-4]
Shamsdin, see Neri
Sheikh Adi, the Yezidi Prophet, [104-5]
Sheikh Adi, Yezidi Temple, [90-101]
Sheikh Mattai, monastery, [117-8][{429}]
Shwawutha, raided by Kurds during author’s stay there, [263-4];
church, [274] n.
Simko, Agha of the Shekak Kurds, [216], [370];
allies himself with the Assyrians and Armenians, [378-9];
turns traitor and assassinates Mar Shimun, [380-2];
his present predominance at Urmi, [412]
Sindiguli Kurds, [311-2]
Sinsariskun (Sardanapalus), king of Assyria, his death, [83];
his temple at Assur, [344]
Sipan Dagh, [25], [335] n.
Stones, set up as votive monuments, [15], [233];
as sepulchral cairns, [15-6]
Sun worship, traces of, [101];
see also High Places
Superstitions, of Jann, goblins, etc. [183-4], [277], [333-5];
of the Hiblabashi or vampire, [333-4];
of the Khwarha, [306];
of unquiet spirits, [319];
see also Second sight, Evil eye, and Yezidis
Surma, sister of Mar Shimun, [270-1];
installed in charge of magazine, [376-7];
her mission to England, [400-1]
Suryi, [142-7]
T
Tahir Pasha, Vali of Mosul, [76-8];
on the frontier commission at Urmi, [218-20];
Vali at Van during Armenian outbreak, [251];
death, [368]
Tal, the rebuilding of Rabat Church, [302-3];
proposal for eliminating Chaldaean intruders, [303-4];
shrine of Mar Abd’ Ishu, [306-7];
during the war, [371-4]
Talaat Pasha, his massacres of Armenians, [387-91]
Taxes, [14-5];
corrupt assessments, [38-9]
Tax-gathering, by the Malmudir at Akra, [129-31];
in the mountain districts, [161-3], [175] n.;
by the sheikh of Barzan, [150-1];
by Mira Reshid of Berwar, [313-4]
Tekrit, [347]
Tendurek Dagh, [235];
Fedai stronghold, [249-50]
Tenure of land, in Turkey, [14];
in Persia, [221-2]
Tergawar, [188-95];
turbulence of the Christian tribesmen, [189-90], [192];
their chief, Bajan, [189];
their bishop, Mar Dinkha, [191];
their defence and relief of Mawana, [192-3];
driven from their homes by the Ottoman occupation, [194];
enlisted as garrisons by the villages near Urmi, [218], [223];
installed in Mejid-es-Sultaneh’s villages, [220-3];
return to their homes, [194-5];
driven out in Great War, [360]
Tettu Agha, suppressed by the Sheikh of Barzan, [143-4]
Thaddeus, Saint (Mar Adai), the Apostle of the East, [18-9], [104]
Thomas, Bishop of Amida, [34];
builder of Daras, [49]
Thomas, Saint, the Apostle of India, [18-9];
legend of his walking across Lake Urmi, [201]
“Three Children,” the, their burial-place, [343]
Tigris River, at Diarbekr, [26-7];
at Mosul, [69-70], [82-3], [114];
Mosul to Baghdad, [340-9]
Timour the Tartar, his ravages in Mesopotamia, [4-5], [265];
his repulse from the citadel of Mardin, [44]
Tiridates, king of Armenia, his palace at Amida, [29];
his conversion to Christianity, [238-9]
Tkhuma, [143], [284];
fighting reputation of the clansmen, [293];
their views on frog-eating, [289];
their raid on the Kurds of Châl, [297-8];
their readiness to resent a slight, [298];
their treatment of a tackless teetotaler, [298-9];
and of an intrusive ethnologist, [300-1];
the Rev. W.H. Browne in a dangerous predicament among them, [299-300];
during the war, [366], [369-71], [404-6]
Travelling, on the plains, [6-7], [41-2], [47-8];
across the Chôl, [61-4], [339-40];
in the mountain districts, [111], [113-4], [124-5], [134-6], [138], [147-9], [155-9], [287-8];
by keleg down the rivers, [341-2]
Tree worship, traces of, [100], [127] n., [205]
True Cross, a Legend of the, [188]
Tuma, Qasha of Tyari, volunteers to kill the Rev. W. H. Browne’s enemies, [273];
imprisoned at Amadia, and breaks out, [301-2]
Turkish officials, their courtesy, [161], [179], [243];
their corruption and laziness, [38-9], [73-6], [130-1], [178-9], [180-2], [239-40], [313], [315-6];
their occasional outbursts of ferocity, [34-6], [244-5];
individuals under the thumb of local chiefs, [163], [312];
or forgotten in remote corners, [161-2];
the prospect under the new régime, [38], [130-1], [259-61], [357-8];
see also Tahir Pasha, a Sabonji Pasha, and Amadia, Kaimakam of[{430}]
Turkish soldiers, their ill-treatment by Government, [38], [229-31];
their good behaviour, [229-31], [253]
Tyari, [284-8];
prejudices of the clansmen, [288-90];
their amour propre, [290];
their fighting reputation, [293];
their feuds and raids, [273], [290-4];
their representatives volunteer to aid the British Army in South Africa, [272];
their primitive habits, [294-5];
their chivalry, [295-7];
their skill in prison breaking, [301-2];
their devotional raids on the Jews of Berwar, [304];
their reputation of being “all mad together,” [308], [309] n.;
their treatment of lunacy, [308];
their former method of dealing with old age, [308-9];
their exploits in the Great War, [366], [370], [385], [403-6]
U
Urfa, formerly Edessa, [17-23], [27], [389]
Ur of the Chaldees, site of, [22]
Urartian remains, at Firek Gol., [123] n.;
at Khoshab, [233];
at Van, [236-7], [253]
Urartu, ancient empire of, [236-7]
Urmi, [196-7], [205-20];
vicissitudes during the Great War, [360-2], [369], [371-2], [375-6], [379], [381-5];
conditions since the war, [412-3];
difficulties with the Urmi Christians, [394], [397], [403-4], [407], [412-3]
Urmi, Lake, [200-1]
V
Valerian, Emperor, defeated by Sapor I, [16]
Vampires, belief in, [333-4]
Van, anciently Dhuspas, [245-61];
capital of the Empire of Urartu, [236-7];
Armenian outbreak at, [250-7];
its fate during the war, [365], [383], [389-90]
Van Lake, [235-6];
curative properties of its waters, [236]
Volcanic districts in Kurdistan, [24-6], [41-2], [235], [249-50], [340]
W
War song of the Assyrians, [365-6]
Wild animals, [63-4], [126], [155], [280-3]
Wilson, Sir Arnold, Acting Chief Commissioner, Mesopotamia, [396] n., [398-9]
Wise men of the East, legend of the, [202], [413]
X
Xenophon, his fording of the Euphrates, [12];
his march up the banks of the Tigris, [342] n., [347];
and across the site of Nineveh, [114];
his encounters with the Carduchi, [39] n.
Xerxes, trilingual inscription at Van, [236-7]
Y
Yailas, defence and evacuation of, [370-4]
Yezidis, [87-100];
their belief, [88], [98-9], [100-6];
their temple at Sheikh Adi, [91-100];
their stronghold on Jebel Sinjar, [89-90], [102], [154] n.;
their Mira, [106-9];
their ill-repute among their neighbours, [88-9];
oppressed, proscribed, and massacred, [99-100], [102], [109];
the Yezidi hakim at Barzan, [146];
immunity from massacre during the war, [391];
proposal to enrol in a contingent, [408] n.
Z
Zab, River, in eastern Sapna, [135-7], [142];
at the “Bridge of Rocks,” near Suryi, [149];
its sources, [177];
identified with the Pison, [264];
its gorges in Tyari, [284-9];
at Lizan bridge, [315];
scene of operations in the Great War, [368], [372], [374], [400], [403-4]
Zab River, Lesser, [343]
Zanghi the Atabek captures Edessa, [21]
Zaptiehs, as escort to European travellers, [46-7], [61], [67];
their opinion of Yezidis, [89];
considered de trop in the Sheikh of Barzan’s country, [135-6];
refuse to act against the Sheikh of Neri, [166];
attempt to shoot us in Gawar, [180-1]
Zibari Kurds, [403-4]
Ziggurats, at Kala Shergat, [344];
at Samarra, [348-9]
Zohar Agha of Zirnek, preserves the fugitive Armenians, [232]
Zoroaster, the Prophet of the Fire Worshippers, [199-200]
MAP of EASTERN KURDISTAN with inset of mesopotamia