CHAP. PAGE
[I.] BEYOND THE PALE OF THE RAILWAY[1]
(Aleppo and Urfa)
[II.] A LAND OF DUST AND ASHES[24]
(Diarbekr and Mardin)
[III.] THE MARCHES OF ANCIENT ROME[47]
(Dara and Nisibin)
[IV.] THE BURDEN OF NEWER NINEVEH[69]
(Mosul)
[V.] THE TEMPLE OF THE DEVIL[87]
(Sheikh Adi)
[VI.] THE SKIRTS OF THE MOUNTAINS[111]
(Rabban Hormizd, Bavian, and Akra)
[VII.] AN ORIENTAL VICH IAN VOHR[134]
(The Sheikh of Barzan)
[VIII.] A MASTER OF MISRULE[158]
(Neri and Jilu)
[IX.] THE DEBATABLE LAND[176]
(Gawar, Mergawar, and Tergawar)
[X.] TWIGS OF A WITHERED EMPIRE[196]
(URMI)
[XI.] A LAND OF TROUBLE AND ANGUISH[221]
(Urmi to Van)
[XII.] A SLOUGH OF DISCONTENT[235]
(Van)
[XIII.] THE LAND OF PRESTER JOHN[262]
(Qudshanis)
[XIV.] THE GREAT CAÑONS[284]
(Tyari and Tkhuma)
[XV.] INTRUDERS IN A PANDEMONIUM[311]
(Amadia and Bohtan)
[XVI.] GRAVES OF DEAD EMPIRES[339]
(Mosul to Baghdad)
[XVII.] OUR SMALLEST ALLY[359]
[XVIII.] DEAD SEA FRUIT[392]
[GLOSSARY][417]
[INDEX][421]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PRINTED SEPARATELY
[1.] The River of Eden[Frontispiece]
Facing page
[2.]Mosul[33]
[3.] Sheikh Adi[48]
[4.] The “Picture Rocks” Of Bavian[81]
[5.] Akra[96]
[6.] Oramar[129]
[7.] The Heriki Valley[144]
[8.] The Mountains of Tkhuma and Jilu[176]
[9.] The Citadel Rock, Van[209]
[10.] The Qudshanis Mountains[224]
[11.] Church of Mar Shalitha, Qudshanis[257]
[12.] A Mountain Bridge[272]
[13.] The Gorge of the Zab, Tyari[305]
[14.] Travelling in Lower Tkhuma[320]
[15.] Chal[353]
[16.] Entrance to Amadia[368]
IN THE TEXT
[17.] The Mountains of Diz and Tal, from the Pass above Qudshanis[366]
[18.] A Bit of the Road between Tal and Julamerk[372]
PLANS IN THE TEXT
Great Granary of Daras[51]
Church of St. James at Nisibis[59]
The Yezidi Temple at Sheikh Adi[95]
Church of Mar B’ishu[185]
Qudshanis: Church of Mar Shalitha[273]
Temple of Ishtar’i Babylon[355]
[MAP of EASTERN KURDISTANwith inset of mesopotamia]

[{page 1}]

THE CRADLE OF MANKIND

CHAPTER I
BEYOND THE PALE OF THE RAILWAY (ALEPPO AND URFA)

THE belated Jinn who emerged out of Suleiman’s Brass Bottle into twentieth-century London found there, amid much that was strange to him, some beings of his own kin. These were the railway locomotives, obviously Jann like himself, but yet more oppressively treated; bound by spells of appalling potency to labours more arduous and wearisome than Suleiman had ever conceived.

And truly his blunder was plausible: for if Jann be extinct nowadays (which one doubts after visiting Asia), then assuredly cylinders and boilers are charged with the might of the Jann. They are set to work regularly now instead of rarely and spasmodically; and though they raise less dust and clamour their net output is considerably more. The slaves of the Lamp and the Ring developed intense explosive energy, but their effective radius was limited. They could rear Aladdin’s palace in a night, or transport him to Africa in a twinkling; but these more domesticated Titans are capable of transmogrifying whole communities, and advancing the clock of progress five hundred years at a span.

And now the modern Magrabis, the busy Western magicians, have let slip these formidable Efrits against the City of Al Raschid himself: and one fine morning his descendants will awake from the slumber of centuries to find themselves environed by a new heaven and a new earth.

The Baghdad railway has started. It has penetrated inland to Aleppo. “That great river, the river Euphrates,” is bitted with its girders and caissons. One more stride[{2}] will carry it to Mosul across a country so open and even that it needs but the bedding of the sleepers; and a journey which now takes a fortnight will be accomplished in a ten-hour run. What is now a mere stagnant backwater will thus be suddenly scoured out by one of the main channels of the world’s commerce; and who can venture to calculate the changes which will follow? Western reform will not convert the East any more than Alexander’s conquests converted it; but it may evolve unintentionally some new sort of Frankenstein’s Man.