Profitable poultry

by W. B. Tegetmeier

In a work of this extent it is impossible to do more than allude to several of the least important varieties of the domestic fowl, and this is of less moment as the general directions given with regard to feeding, breeding, &c., apply, with very slight variations, to all the different breeds.

COCHIN CHINA HEN.

Cochins or Shanghaes.—Cochins are perhaps the most popular fowl at the present time, and, in the opinion of many, deservedly take the first place on account of their good qualities as profitable stock, no less than from the estimation in which they are held as fancy fowls. So extensively have they been diffused over the entire length and breadth of the land, that a lengthened description of their peculiarities is scarcely requisite. Their large size, peculiar crow, small wings, rudimentary tail, and the extraordinary development of the fluffy feathers of the thighs and under parts of the body are familiar to all; these remarkable characteristics are carried to an extreme degree in the bird shown in the engraving, which is a representation of an imported hen, formerly the property of Mr. Andrews. In purchasing Cochins for stock, care should be taken to obtain birds of good quality, as breeding from second and third-rate fowls will be found exceedingly undesirable. As regards size, the cocks should weigh at least 10lbs., the hens 8lbs., when full grown; they should be short on the legs, which should be yellow and well feathered down to the tips of the outer toes, which should only be four in number on each foot. The tail feathers should, in both sexes, be very small, and almost hidden by the dense mass of saddle feathers covering the back, and the fluff should be well developed.

With regard to colour, at present the fashion is entirely in favour of the light buff birds, which, to command the highest prices, must even be destitute of dark markings on the neck hackle; or any slaty tinge in the downy under portions of the fluff, or of the body feathers. The rage for light buff birds I regard as an undue prejudice, and believe the darker breeds will be found quite as valuable for farming stock; in fact, the extreme prices which are commanded by the lightest birds are simply owing to the difficulty of breeding them perfectly free from dark colour; and am confident that it has had a very injurious effect upon the breed; for size and form have been sacrificed in the endeavour to rear birds of the desired colour, and in too many instances a set of small leggy almond shaped hens have taken the place of heavy square-built short-legged birds of a darker colour.

The white birds, though exceedingly ornamental, are scarcely equal in character to the coloured varieties, and the black have hitherto been only produced by crossing a buff with a white, and, as might be expected from such an origin, their progeny are very uncertain in their colour.

Putting aside the value of Cochins as fancy fowls, their chief importance as profitable poultry depends on the immense supply of winter eggs yielded by the pullets of the year. This, I am confident, will eventually be found their strongest recommendation; for table birds, their length of leg, small breast, and game-like flavour, are objectionable, and the colour of their skin renders them very unfit for being used as boiled fowls. The attempt to breed pure Cochins with a fuller breast I believe to be perfectly futile, their wings are so small in size that they never fly, and the muscles which move the wings and form the entire mass of flesh on the breast, are consequently of small size also; it would be as reasonable to expect the muscles of a blacksmith in the arms of a draper, as the plumpness of a Dorking on the breast of a Cochin. The hens are extremely good sitters, their large size enabling them to cover a great number of eggs, and their docility, and the readiness with which they sit in any situation in which they may be placed when broody, being also great recommendations. I have found that the eggs hatch remarkably well, and that the chicken are equally, if not more hardy than those of other fowl.

In speaking of their good qualities, their contentedness in a comparatively small space, their attachment to home, and the ease with which they are confined by a three feet fence, must not be omitted. Their chocolate coloured eggs, though small, are of good flavour, but they have not yet been sufficiently introduced into the markets to state how they are appreciated by the public at large. With regard to their laying twice in one day, such an event happens by far too rarely to be taken into consideration when speaking of their economical value, and when it does occur no egg is laid on the following day. The great drawback to Cochins, as farmers’ fowls, is the large quantity of food they require, which, notwithstanding all that has been said to the contrary by their exclusive admirers, is considerably greater than that consumed by other varieties, and their disposition leads them to remain at home instead of seeking for worms and other food in the fields; in fact, the old birds seem not to care for the large earth worms, which are so greedily devoured by all other fowls.

Brahma Pootras.—In the first edition of this book I inserted the description, from actual observation, of a pair of these birds that had been sent to this country from the United States, by Dr. Bennett, who claimed to be the original holder of the variety, and I left the question as to their being a distinct breed an open one; since that article was published a more extended experience and the opportunity of making anatomical examinations of very many specimens, have led me to form a decided opinion respecting their origin and true character.

All the Brahmas that have come under my notice, and I have made a point of seeing as many as possible, have been of either one or the other of the three following varieties, namely:—