The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America

by W. E. B. Du Bois

[40] Wiener, Vol. 3, p. 365.

[41] Memoir of Hernando de Essalante Fontanedo, respecting Florida, translated from the Spanish by Buckingham Smith, Washington, 1854.

[42] Oviedo y Valdes, Historia general, etc., Vol. 1, p. 286.

[43] Wiener, Vol. 3, p. 365.

[44] Wiener, Vol. 1, p. 190.

[45] Helps, Spanish Conquest in America, Vol. 4, p. 401.

[46] J. F. Rippy in Journal of Negro History, Vol. 6, p. 183.

[47] Helps, Vol. 1, p. 421.

[48] Rippy, loc. cit.

[49] The following narrative is based on: H. O. Flipper, Did a Negro discover Arizona and New Mexico (contains a translation of parts of the narrative of Pedro de Castaneda de Majera); Pedro de Castaneda, “Account of the Expedition to Cibola which took place in the year 1540....” translated in Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States (J. F. Jameson Ed.); Beasley, Trail Blazers of California, Chapter 2; Rippy, in Journal of Negro History, Vol. 6, pp. 183ff.; American Anthropologist, Vol. 4.