[ [296] 'The Mikado's Empire,' p. 474.
[ [297] See also Ch. K. 263.
[ [298] According to Van Helmont, the reason why bull's fat is so powerful in a vulnerary ointment is that the bull at the time of slaughter is full of secret reluctancy and vindictive murmurs, and therefore dies with a higher flame of revenge about him than any other animal.
[ [299] See 'Primitive Culture,' i. 116, where numerous examples of symbolic magic are given.
[ [301] The Tsuchigumo (earth-hiders) were men of a low class, who lived in dwellings sunk in the earth, and gave much trouble to the Japanese Government in ancient times. Dr. Tylor, in his 'Primitive Culture,' i. 113, has noted the tendency to attribute magical powers to pariahs and foreigners. Sukunabikona, the teacher of magic to Japan, came from abroad.
[ [305] Nihongi, ii. 82.