This process has been called by a number of names; "self-poisoning" explains the condition thoroughly. The other names are, auto-infection, auto-intoxication, enteric-infection, enteric-toxemia, intestinal indigestion.
The condition is a serious one, because it is absolutely impossible to feel well, or to enjoy good health, while it lasts. The feeling of being constantly sick, yet not sick enough to stop working or to demand a radical cure, affects a woman's efficiency, interferes with her capacity to work, her ability to render the home an abode of contentment, to be an agreeable companion, or to adequately take care of her children.
The constant absorption of intestinal poisons affects the system itself,—the symptoms are headache, neuralgia, loss of appetite, nervousness, insomnia, vertigo, inability to concentrate, lassitude, indigestion. The condition which we name constipation is therefore one of supreme importance. From a medical standpoint, it is the biggest problem in the whole realm of disease. It is the most significant hygienic function of life, and it is becoming more and more important, and more and more a problem. Every modern factor upon which physical efficiency seems to depend is an enemy to the systematic regulation of this function. Our method of hurried and indiscriminate eating, our system of strenuous living, our unsanitary environment, our business activity, our method of pursuing pleasure, take no account of, and resent the time devoted to cultivating, as a hygienic necessity, this toilet requirement. This imperative call of nature is pushed aside by the child at play, by the housewife for a duty which could wait, by the merchant for an engagement. It is particularly an American disease, and it is uniquely an American woman's affliction. It is a curious commentary on the intelligence of the American people, who are ordinarily alert and analytical, to realize how few of them really know how serious a matter constipation is. They don't know because they have given the matter absolutely no thought. They have accepted it as a mere matter of fact, almost of fate.
Incomplete Constipation.—There is a type of constipation that is not known to the average person and not well understood by those few who know of its existence. In this form of constipation there is a daily bowel movement but the movement is not complete. The bowel does not thoroughly empty itself; it has established this habit because of conditions under which it has had to do its work. If a woman neglects herself, becomes muscularly inactive, does not take proper out-door exercise, grows fat and lazy, eats irregularly and indiscriminately,—the bowel suffers with the rest of the system. The woman may have a healthy appetite, may eat the wrong things at the wrong time, yet the bowel is supposed to go on acting rightly, but it does not. It, too, becomes lazy and acquires bad habits, and this form of incomplete constipation is the result. These patients look healthy and get little sympathy for any pains they may have. They may even gain in weight; they get headaches once in a while, and if they go shopping or visiting they don't feel quite well afterward. They are suffering from the effects of chronic constipation, though their bowels are apparently regular. They are marching onward toward apoplexy or Bright's disease of the kidney.
Importance of a Clean Bowel.—Every mother, sooner or later, observes that a physician always thoroughly cleans out the bowel of a sick child at once, no matter what the character of the sickness is. He does this for two reasons,—first, because he knows that the great majority of children's ailments are of gastro-intestinal origin; second, if the origin of the disease is not in the stomach or bowels, experience has taught him that if the bowels are clean at the beginning of a disease, that disease will run a milder and shorter course than if complicated with a condition of self-poisoning. If a child develops fever the digestive function stops; whatever food is in the stomach or bowel will promptly ferment and putrefy because of the abnormal heat caused by the fever and the arrested digestion. If this is not cleaned out at once the self-poisoning process begins.
The above is a suggestive admission for a physician to make. It simply means that the vast majority of the calls made by a physician on ailing children are caused by errors in diet and can be completely cured by a dose of castor oil or calomel, or, better still, need never occur.
A mother who neglects, who is guilty of inattention to the conditions of her child's bowel, fails in one of the most important duties of motherhood. I know as a father and a physician that if a child's bowel acts regularly and thoroughly, that child is fortified to the highest efficient degree against the multitude of little ailments common to all children. A clean bowel means good blood, good digestion, ability to exercise properly, to sleep soundly and to think clearly. Such a child will resist infection and throw off the minor troubles that pave the way for serious sickness. It is a secret worth knowing.
A Daily Movement of the Bowel Necessary.—In order to preserve good health one thorough movement of the bowel is necessary daily. A baby may have two or three and enjoy robust health. A larger daily number suggests an abnormal condition of the bowel and an investigation should be made. If a nursing baby's bowels do not move before bedtime it should be given an injection of equal parts of glycerine and hot water, one-half cupful; or an enema of soap and water, or a glycerine suppository. When a child is six months old, in some sooner, it should be put on the stool at a certain time every morning. This will aid in the establishment of the habit, as a child soon understands why it is made to assume this position and acts accordingly.
The condition referred to above and which we termed incomplete constipation may affect the nursing infant. A child's bowels may move daily and yet the child will suffer from constipation. If the movements are watched it will be observed that certain children strain when at stool, and after a time succeed in passing hard, dry lumps or balls of fecal matter. Such a movement is a certain indication that the bowel is not emptying itself satisfactorily and that a constant toxemia or poisoning is going on. Very faithful efforts should be made to remedy this condition by the use of articles of diet that are known to be laxative, otherwise the condition is one that will "grow" with the child and establish an obstinate chronic constipation with all its miseries and dangers.
Constipation in Breast-Fed Infants.—Many nursing infants thrive and gain in weight, yet they are constipated. Before you drug your baby be sure the fault is not your own. Many mothers are responsible for the constipation with which baby suffers. If the mother is constipated, so will the child be. Cure the constipation of the mother and the baby's bowels will regulate themselves. Nursing mothers who are large tea-drinkers have irregular bowels as a rule. A baby whose mother is lazy or indolent, who does not take a reasonable amount of exercise, whose diet is faulty and whose hours are bad, is a sufferer from constipation. The mother's life must be regulated, her diet and habits corrected, and the instructions carried out as already recommended. The breast milk should be examined and if any cause for constipation exists in it, it should be rectified as suggested elsewhere.