[36] Theophrastus, "Historia Plantarum," i. 10; xi. 2, 4.

[37] Tournefort, "Histoire des Plantes," ii. 54.

[38] Seneca, "Quæstiones Naturales," vi. 6.

[39] Lactantius, "De Falsa Sapientia," iii. 24.

[40] The best means of ascertaining the coexistence of an ascending and descending sap have been indicated in "The Circle of the Year," pp. 163-8.

[41] See the Botanische Zeitung ("Botanical Gazette") for the years 1853, 1856, 1859, and 1861.

[42] Boehm, "Sur la Cause de l'Ascension de la Séve," Mémoire communiqué à l'Académie des Sciences de Vienne, juillet 1863.

[43] Chaucer.

[44] Pliny, "Historia Naturalis," xxvi. 5.

[45] See "The Circle of the Year."