Postal Riders and Raiders

by W. H. Gantz

Now I would not have this (class) newspaper and its annexes deprived of the low postage rate, but as the Postoffice Department has within the past ten years denied admission to the mails of 11,563 of other publications, and 32,000 others have been ruled out or died from the hard conditions imposed, I would respectfully request this Commission to ascertain and report to the President for transmission to Congress why there has never been a single publication of this class shut out or even molested in the slightest degree?

I do not say it is, but is it, because such papers are politically powerful, that they have the ear of the public, that they hold a monopoly of the news, and that they can make or unmake the reputation of public officials at will, and that therefore they are immune from interference?…

I have here a copy of the Police Gazette, which I take to be a superior paper of its class. It is held to be a newspaper, entitled to transmission through the mails at a cent a pound. It has never been proposed to raise the postage rate on this paper.…

This Commission should endeavor to find out and report to the President for transmission to Congress, why the postage rate on one-half of the periodicals devoted to agriculture should be increased from one cent to three cents, and the postage rate on the Police Gazette should remain at one cent.

HEARINGS BEFORE THE HUGHES POSTAL COMMISSION.

I intended to follow the hearings before this commission personally. Ill health prevented my doing so. Under this stress, I asked my friend, Mr. M. H. Madden, quoted on a previous page in connection with other phases of our general subject, to summarize for me the hearings of the commission in August. Mr. Madden kindly consented to do so. Following is what he writes me relating to the commission’s proceedings and hearings:

The first meeting of the commission took place on August 1, and it continued its hearings in New York City, with occasional adjournments during the greater part of the month.

Postmaster General Hitchcock represented his department before the commission, Second Assistant Stewart and Third Assistant Britt were also present, each in turn occupying the stand. Hitchcock outlined his position concerning a demand for an increase for the first time, although the same idea was expressed by Third Assistant Britt some months ago, when Britt made an address before a convention of newspaper circulation managers in Chicago. Hitchcock and his two assistants held to the view that each schedule in the postal service should be made self-sustaining, the credit for this idea being given to Hitchcock, and in order to justify his position concerning a raise in second-class rates an arbitrary figure has been placed on the cost of handling the same, the total “deficit” from this schedule being placed at about $70,000,000 annually. This amount was arrived at by what Second Assistant Postmaster General Stewart states was a complete record of the weighing of all mail handled by the Postoffice Department of matter originating in every postoffice and railway postoffice in the country for a period of six months from July 1 to December 1, 1907, together with the amount of mail carried in every railway car. The department in many instances has admitted the unreliability of the figures used, there having been many estimates employed.

Publishers of the country were represented by several attorneys who examined into the testimony given by Hitchcock, Stewart and Britt, and by a series of questions they showed that the conclusions of the three as to cost of handling second-class mail were made on a guesswork plan and not on a scientific or reasonably accurate basis of fact. Third Assistant Postmaster General Britt made the startling statement that “if all the magazines and newspapers were excluded from the second-class rates because of a circulation gained, not on the merits of the publication, but because of some voting contest or offer of premiums as a bait, not 10 per cent. of the total would remain undisturbed.”

This declaration was looked upon as an argument by the magazine publishers as favoring their contention that the advertising portions of their periodicals are justified by legitimate business reasons, as an increased volume of advertising enables publishers to issue periodicals of much higher literary excellence. The postal authorities held with firmness to the conviction that advertising matter in publications is primarily for the advantage of the publisher, and therefore should be charged a higher rate than reading matter. Postmaster General Hitchcock went on record before the commission as declaring that he would recommend to Congress an increase on the advertising portion of magazines and newspapers of a cent a pound additional. Assuming that the postoffice officials are prompted by a legitimate purpose in their desire to increase rates on second-class matter, their arguments before the commission have been transparently weak, and an unbiased mind they would fail in convincing, but the feeling is that the commission will accept the conclusions of the postal authorities that the government rate of one cent a pound is inadequate for transporting second-class matter. To justify the position taken by the government that each schedule should maintain itself, the Postmaster General intends to press with vigor a reduction of first-class postage from two-cents to one cent a letter, he citing the profit on first-class mail and the alleged loss on second-class matter as his reason for the change of rate.