A Short History of English Agriculture

by W. H. R. Curtler

[767] Farmer's Magazine (1817), p. 6. Statistics at this date, however, must be taken with caution. They were usually estimates. Cf. above, p. 334, for holdings in England.

[768] Parliamentary Reports, Commissioners (1881), xvi, 305.

[769] Parliamentary Reports, Commissioners (1881), xvi. 310.

[770] McCulloch, Commercial Dictionary (1852), p. 271.

---

INDEX

A
Abbot's Ripton, [72].
Aberdeen Angus cattle, [288], [343].
Accounts, keeping, [29], [49].
Accumulation of estates, [123].
Acre, [2]; tenantry, [253].
Advantages of large farms, [202].
Affer, the, [35].
Agricultural Holdings Acts, [283], [296], [299-303].
Agricultural revolution, the, of eighteenth century, [162].
Agriculture,
state of, [28], [38], [111], [113], [115], [123], [132], [160], [162], [192], [204],
[211], [221], [229], [244], [245], [250], [265], [267], [274], [287], [305];
seventeenth-century writers on, [127];
state of, in eighteenth century, [162], [192], [221], [229];
nineteenth, [244], [245], [262-70], [271], [287].
Aitchison, [237].
Akermanni, [13].
Alderney cattle, [233].
Ale, [10].
Allotments, [196], [230], [253], [255n.], [315-7].
Allowance system, [237].
Allowances, parish, [238], [241], [257], [284].
Almaine, corn from, [20].
Almonds, [93], [136].
Amalgamation of farms, [29], [46], [47], [95], [119], [120], [162], [202], [258], [317].
America,
gold discoveries in, [287];
imports from, [262], [293], [323-4].
Ancaster, Earl of, estate of, [321].
Andover, [39].
Anti-Corn Law League, [280].
Apples, [15], [65], [93], [129], [130], [131], [135-6], [143], [171], [186-9], [329], [332].
(See Prices.)
Apprentices, [108].
Apricots, [93], [136].
Arable district of England (1893), [306n.]
Arable fields, [1], [2], [4], [16], [73].
Arable land, [56], [99], [100], [195];
amount of, in 1688, [155];
decrease of, [59];
extent of, in Domesday, [19];
in 1770, [199];
in 1850, [353];
in 1877 and 1907, [332];
preponderance of, [25], [30];
produce of, in 1688, [155];
suffers more than grass, [248], [266], [281], [285], [286], [306];
value of, [19], [40], [58], [115-7], [139].
Arch, Joseph, [290-2].
Ardley, Inquisition of, [9].
Argentina, imports from, [324].
Arley, Upper, wine made at, [145].
Artificial grasses, see Clover, improve commons, [166].
Ash timber, value of, [137].
Assize of beer, [13], [14n.]
Association, British, [336].
Average crops of corn (1770), [197].
(See under Wheat, Oats, Barley, &c.)
Average size of farms in 1768, [202].
Averagium, [10].
Australia, gold discoveries in, [287];
imports from, [324];
sheep introduced into, [328];
wool from, [328].
Axholme, [123], [260], [311], [318].
Ayrshires, [339], [343].
B
Bacon, Lord, [322],
Bacon, 'the necessary meate' of the labourer, [102], [140];
price of, see Prices.
Badger, a corn dealer, [134].
Bailiff, [12], [29], [49], [51], [61], [71], [103], [109], [110], [137], [139], [355].
Bakewell, [146], [163-7], [214-7], [226], [233], [343], [344].
Balance sheet, estate, [307];
farm, in 1805, [247];
in 1888, [309].
Balks, [3].
Ball, John, [60].
Banbury cheese, [173].
Bank Restriction Act, [239], [240], [263].
Barking Nunnery, vineyard at, [144].
Barley, [20], [33], [36], [65], [91], [124], [135], [142], [155], [182], [227], [331-2], [353];
cost of, per acre, [198];
produce, per acre, [165n.], [197-8];
profit on, [179], [180]. (See Prices.)
Barns, size of, [51].
Barren years at end of seventeenth century, [115], [157].
Basic slag, [304].
Bassingthorpe, [103].
Bates, Thomas, [274], [338].
Bath, wine made at, [145].

Beale, John, [128], [130].
Beans, [17], [33], [49], [124], [155], [187], [201], [262], [331-2], [353];
cost of growing, [199];
profit on, [180]. (See Prices.)
Bedford, Duke of, [225], [318], [321].
Bedfordshire, [3], [18], [79], [120], [123], [238], [306].
Beef, price of, see Prices.
Beer, [36], [329].
Belgium,
live stock in, [334];
wheat crops in, [332n.]
Belvoir estate, [115], [286].
Berkeley estates, [3], [27n.], [45n.], [48], [56], [64], [74], [75].
Berkshire, [104], [175], [237], [284], [286], [306n.]
Berkshire Knotts, [345];
pigs, [346].
Berlin decrees, [242].
Best, Henry, accounts of, [138-40].
Bideford, [262].
Biggleswade, [318].
Birds eating fruit, [129].
Black Death, [27], [41-3], [59], [75].
Black Year, the, [294].
Blight, Hop, [150].
Blyth, [113], [127], [137], [152].
Board of Agriculture, [192], [193], [214], [229-33], [255];
(Government), [290].
Bones for manure, [154-5], [273], [275-6], [299].
Booth, Thomas, [337-8].
Bordarii, [8], [11].
Boston, [308], [318], [327].
Boys' wages, [206].
Bradley, [152], [167], [168-9], [170], [171], [181], [336].
Brampton, [235].
Bread, different kinds of, [54], [102], [206-7], [230];
rye, [101], [134], [206];
wheaten, a luxury, [101];
common, [207], [240];
made of turnips, [157];
price of (see Prices).
Breeding of stock, [37], [146], [167], [215-7], [256], [273].
Brentford, [157].
Bridport, [262].
Bright, John, [280].
Buckinghamshire, [78], [146], [172], [291], [306n.]
Buckwheat, [332].
Budget, labourer's weekly, [206], [208], [356].
Buildings, farm, and repairs, [51], [272], [279], [282], [299], [302], [307], [310].
Bull, description of a (1726), [167].
Burford, riot at, [185].
Buri, [8], [11].
Bury St. Edmunds, [110], [147].
Butter, [33], [63n.], [66], [114], [138], [140], [161], [174], [205], [206n.], [241], 247
(see Prices), [304], [305], [313], [325];
exports of, [326-7].
By-industries of peasant, [110], [239], [250], [257], [260], [269], [317].
C
Cabbages, [112], [143], [187], [191], [194], [200], [201], [331].
Cadaveratores, [13].
Caird, Sir James, [279], [281], [285], [287], [310], [314], [319n.]
Cake, [296], [300], [305], [314].
Calstock, [318].
Calves, killing of, forbidden, [86];
rearing, [125].
Cambridgeshire, [79], [151], [167], [222], [262], [306n.], [318].
Camden, [173], [335].
Canada, imports from, [323-4].
Canterbury, hops from, [171].
Capital of farmers, [197], [203-4].
Carrington, Lord, [231].
Carrots, [112], [128], [143], [167], [191], [194], [331]. [332].
Carter, wages of, [110].
Cart-horses, price of, [35], [114].
Carts, [153].
Cattle, Chillingham, [336];
diseases, [85];
export of, [326], [330];
improvement in, [336], [337], [338] (see Cattle, size of);
number of, in 1867 and 1878, [288];
in 1907, [333-4];
original breed of, [336];
price of, see Prices;
size of, [37], [104], [146], [169], [288], [336], [342];
separation of, for summer pasture, [124];
sorts of (1726), [167] (see under Various breeds);
about 1800, [235];
in 1839, [274];
in 1892, [274], [336];
time to buy, [125]. (See Bakewell, Collings, Exports, and Imports.)
Cattle plagues, of eighteenth century, [172], [185-6], [290];
of nineteenth century, [289-90], [294].
Cauliflowers, [143].
Causes of high prices at end of eighteenth century, [240].
Celery, [318].
Chamberlayne, [259].
Cheddar cheese, [173].
Cheese, [33], [63n.], [66], [161], [173], [174], [200], [206n.], [276], [305], [313], [325].
(See Prices, Exports, and Imports.)
Chelmsford, [110], [171], [307].

Chemistry, agricultural, [232], [243], [275].
Cherries, [15], [129], [130], [131], [136], [143], [171], [329], [332].
Cheshire, [3], [110], [167], [173], [224], [276], [295], [306].
Chestnuts, [136].
Cheviots, [344], [346],
Child, Josiah, [117].
Christ Church, Canterbury, [42].
Cider, [37], [130], [131], [135-6], [149], [187-9], [207], [269].
Cistercians, good farmers, [29], [327].
Civil War, checks improvement, [113];
family settlements after, [123].
Claret made in Oxfordshire, [145].
Clarke, [236].
Close parishes, [158], [284].
Cloth made in England, [69], [70].
Clothes, part of wages, [28], [109];
of labourer, [54], [71], [109], [185], [206-8], [211], [311];
of farmer, [105], [213].
Clover, cost of growing, [198];
extent of, [331], [333], [353];
introduced, [111], [112];
spread of, [115], [141-2], [164], [166], [178], [179], [191], [194];
seed, price of, [223];
sown with corn, [166].
Clun Forest sheep, [344], [346].
Clydesdale horse, [335].
Cobbett, [107], [226], [265], [268].
Cobden, Richard,

[279n.], [280], [285n.]
Coinage, depreciation of, [44], [59], [89].
Coke of Holkham, [163], [182], [224-8], [275], [341].
'Coke's Clippings', [227].
Coleseed, [115].
Coliberti, [8].
Collings, the, [146], [163], [167], [233-5], [337].
Combe, [53].
'Comet,' [234], [235].
Commissions, Royal, on Agriculture, &c., [260], [266], [289], [294-6], [300], [303],
[304], [305], [311-14], [316], [318], [320], [329].
Committees, Parliamentary, [256], [258], [263n.], [266], [267].
Common, John, [303].
Common fields, [22], [26], [78], [112], [113], [118-9], [120], [194], [253], [258].
Common land, [3], [145], [148];
evils of, [148], [194], [256], [257];
improvement of, [166].
Common pasture, see Pasture and Meadows.
Commons, advantages of, [165];
extent of, in 1795, [231];
rights of, lost, [253].
Communities and corporations contrasted, [2].
Commutation of labour services for money, [27], [45].
Compensation for improvements, [296], [299-302].
Competition, foreign, [296], [297], [312], [315], [319], [323-30].
Consolidation of farms, see Amalgamation.
Contractors for labour, [209].
Co-operation in agriculture, [1].
Copyholders, [59], [121-2].
Corn laws, [63], [64], [69], [70], [159], [160], [242], [248], [250], [265-6], [277-80].
Cornwall, [136], [186], [295], [309], [318].
Cost of living (1773-1800), [241].
Cotarii, [8], [11], [25].
Cotswold sheep, [233], [275], [343], [344];
wool, famous, [172].
Cottages, [52], [117], [121n.], [139], [158], [159], [206], [209], [250], [254], [255],
[267-8], [285], [297], [304], [311n.], [315-6].
Court Rolls, of Manydown, [13].
Cowper, John, [165].
Cows, decrease in number of, [96];
increase, [325];
let out by the year, [34], [57], [65];
yield of, [33], [64]. (See Prices of Cattle.)
Craik improves drill, [202].
Craven, migration from, [44].
Crimean War, effect of, [277n.], [287].
Crondall, [28].
Crows' and magpies' nests to be destroyed, [100].
Culley, George, [217], [234], [337], [344].
Cultivated land, amount of, in 1685, [120];
in 1867, [288].
Cultivation, Walter of Henley on, [32];
of England, in 1688, [155];
the old and new ways of, [177], [180], [194], [200-2].
Cultivation, clauses, [57], [178], [218], [296], [302], [322].
Cumberland, [238], [295], [309], [311], [346].
Currants, [331].
Custom of the country, [299], [300n.], [302] (see Tenant right).
Cuxham, manor of, [24].
Cylindrical drain pipes, [272].
D
Dairy, the, and dairying, [33], [59], [168], [170], [173], [199-200], [297], [307],
[306], [313], [319], [325], [340-1].
(See Butter, Cheese, and Milk.)
Damsons, [15], [136].

Danegeld, [6].
Dartmoor sheep, [344], [346].
Davenant, [115], [117], [120], [260], [354].
Daventry, common fields at, [115], [117], [120], [260], [354].
Davy, Sir H., [232], [276];
T.T., [342].
Dealers, legislation against, [86], [93], [134];
complaints against, [237].
Defoe, Daniel, [166], [168], [169], [171], [174], [220], [259].
Degge, Simon, [122].
Demesne, [7], [15], [30], [45], [56], [58], [65], [74], [97], [99].
Denmark, imports from, [241], [262], [323-4];
livestock in, [334];
wheat crops in, [332n.]
Depression, agricultural, [163], [183], [184], [223], [228], [242], [248],
[262-70], [281], [292], [293-6], [305-14].
Derby, Lord, estate of, [320n.]
Derbyshire, [44], [167], [309], [343].
Devon cattle, [168], [217], [225], [233], [274], [288], [336], [339], [340-3].
(See Southams.)
Devon sheep, [343], [344].
Devonshire, [37], [73], [107], [113], [128], [132], [136], [186], [187], [244], [245], [269],
[272], [295], [306], [309], [338].
Devonshiring, [141].
D'Ewes, Sir S., quoted, [117], [133].
Dexters, [343].
Dibbling wheat, [135].
Digging for wheat, [135].
Diseases of Animals Act (1890), [290].
Dishley, [214-6].
Distress, law of, [296], [301];
periods of, [42], [68] (see Depression, agricultural), [237], [242].
Divining rod, [232].
Domesday, [5], [14], [16], [19], [60], [79], [144].
Doncaster, roads near, [221].
Dorking, manor of, [65].
Dorset, [3], [263], [285], [291], [312], [318];
sheep, [344], [346].
Dovecotes, see Pigeons.
Drainage, [16], [32], [113], [128], [129], [137], [154], [163], [201], [202], [213-4], [219], [230],
[271], [273], [279], [282], [288], [299], [300], [305], [307], [310].
Drills, [113], [152], [175-7], [180], [183], [200-2], [226], [227], [271], [274].
Drinking habits, [207-8], [269].
Drying hops, [151].
Duchesses, the, [234], [274], [338].
Duckham, Mr., [339].
Ducks, [170] (see Poultry).
Dugdale, [77].
Du-Hamel, [202].
Durham, [119], [337].
Durham ox, [234], [235].
Dutch breed of cattle, see Shorthorns.
E
Eakring, common meadows at, [22].
Eardisley, [5].
East Indies, wool from, [328].
Eden, account of potatoes, [106], [207], [238], [256].
Education Acts, [292], [297].
Egypt, imports from, [323].
Eighteenth century, general characteristics of, [162].
Electricity applied to vegetables, [236].
Elevator, hay and straw, [304].
Elkington of Princethorpe, [213-4], [230], [271].
Ellis, Chiltern and Vale Farming, [180].
Ellman, John, [217], [345].
Enclosers prosecuted in Star Chamber, [120].
Enclosure, [74-82], [85], [92], [96], [97], [119], [173], [182], [194], [228], [252-261];
agreement as to, [98];
acts of, [119], [163], [196], [231], [233], [252], [253], [258];
amount of, exaggerated, [121];
different kinds of, [73], [119], [165], [196];
eighteenth century, [163], [165], [173], [182], [183], [194], [196], [253];
evils of, [194], [195], [252-3], [254-61], [316];
expense of, [196], [252];
non-parliamentary,[165], [253];
a deed of, [75];
a sign of progress, [76], [114], [139], [145-8], [253];
legislation against, [79], [80], [120];
checked, [120].
England, appearance of, in fifteenth century, [78];
in the seventeenth, [120-1].
English invaders, [1].
Entails, barred, [122].
Essex, [62], [78], [106], [128], [173], [190], [225], [286], [295], [306], [309], [319].
Estates, great, accumulation of, [123];
advantages of, [322];
often a loss, [321].
Evelyn, John, [127], [149].
Evesham, Vale of, [318].
Ewes, milking of, [33], [64], [200].
Exhibition, Great, [287], [304].
Exmoor sheep, [344], [346].
Exporting country, England ceases to be an, [161], [163].
Exports of butter and cheese, [326-7].
Exports of corn, [63n.], [64], [70], [159-161], [183], [185], [242], [267], [348-9];
reaches its maximum, [186];
of livestock, [325-6];
of wool, [39], [69], [172], [327].
Extensive cultivation, [2].
Extent of the Manor, [10].
Eyton, Mr., [339].
F
Faggots, price of, [114].
Fairs for hops, [171];
horses, [105];
sheep, [172n.];
wool, [172n.]
Fallows, utilized, [112], [177], [181], [191], [195];
in 1877, 1907, [331];
in 1850, [353].
Families employed on common and on enclosed land, [195].
Farm or feorm, [5].
Farmer, day's work of, in seventeenth century, [134];
discontent of, [127-8], [184];
financial position of, [101], [103], [156], [162], [184], [195], [204], [212-3], [243],
[247], [257-8], [264-5], [293], [307], [308], [310], [320];
growing more skilful, [101], [132].
Farmer's Letters, Young's, [192].
Farmhouses, [51], [101], [116], [119], [213], [226].
Farming, bad, [273], [281];
improvement in, [28], [111], [113], [115], [132], [160], [162], [192], [204], [211], [221],
[229], [244], [265], [267], [271], [274], [275], [281], [288].
Farming calendar, [17], [124].
Farms, in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, [116-7];
size of (1768), [202].
Farnham, hops, [171].
Fashion, farming becomes the, [192], [193].
Fattening oxen, [31], [58], [125], [136-7], [166], [214], [216], [225n.], [235], [288];
sheep, [112], [166], [225n.];
chickens, [170].
'Favourite', [234].
Feeding pigs, [16], [125].

Fences, legislation as to, [4].
Fens, the, [78], [123], [170], [318].
Feversham, fruit growing near, [128], [171].
Fifteenth century, character of, [68].
Figs, [15], [93], [136].
Filberts, [93], [136].
Fitzherbert, [31], [61], [76], [77], [83-5], [111], [132], [135].
Fixtures, [301].
Flanders, cattle, [338];
clover from, [111], [166];
hops from, [86], [150];
wool exported to, [39], [327];
sheep exported to, [326].
Flax, [17], [105], [135], [141], [151-2], [191], [251], [331], [332].
Fleece, weight of, [37], [41], [104], [200], [215].
Fleta, quoted, [12], [13].
Floor, for hop-picking, [91], [151].
Flour, exports and imports of, [348-9].
Fluctuations in price of corn, [35], [66], [89], [133], [142], [157], [186], [221],
[223], [277].
Fold soke, [9].
Folding quality, of sheep, [253].
Food, labourer's, [9], [25], [34], [37], [53], [54], [61], [62], [102], [110], [134],
[139-40], [164], [200-8], [211], [240n.], [268], [290-1], [297], [308], [311];
farmer's, [101], [128], [213], [240n.], [246], [308].
Foot-and-mouth disease, see Cattle Plagues.
Foot-rot, [294].
Foreman, requirements of, [139].
Forncett, manor of, [25], [45], [46].
Fountains Abbey, [81].
Four-course rotation, [183].
Four-field system, [99].
Fourteenth century, characteristics of, [38].
Fowler, John, [304].
Fox, the, [140], [244].
France, exports to, [349];
imports from, [243], [323];
livestock in, [334];
small holders of, [202-3];
wheat crops in, [332].
Freeholders, see also Yeoman, [119], [121-2].
Freemen, [7].
Free tenants, [24], [29], [45].
Free trade, [161], [277-81], [323];
effect of, [281], [284], [288], [293], [296].
French War, great, see Wars.
Fruit, [15], [93], [128], [143];
imports of [305].
Fruit-growing in seventeenth century, [129-131], [132], [136];
in eighteenth century, [171], [186-9];
in nineteenth century, [319], [329], [330].
Furlongs, [3], [118].
Furniture of manor house, [52];
labourer's home, [52].
G
Gafol, [9], [10].
Galloway cattle, [169], [343].
Game, damage by, [302].
Game law, the first, [55].
Gang system, [292].
Geese, [34], [170]. (See Poultry.)
Gentry, at the Revolution, [156];
estates of under Walpole, [183];
status of [50], [97];
supplanted, [122], [128], [137], [140], [156], [184], [211], [312], [310].
(See Landlords and Squire).
Gerard, [106], [111].

'Gerefa, the', [15].
Germany, exports to, [63];
imports from, [20], [66], [69], [241], [243], [262], [323-4], [328];
livestock in, [334];
wheat crops in, [332n.]
Gilbert, [275].
Gilbert's Act, [237].
Gilbey, Sir W.,[335].
Glamorganshire, vineyards in, [145].
Glastonbury Abbey, [13].
Gleaning, [133].
Gloucestershire, [19], [78], [128], [136], [143], [144], [173], [207], [295], [344].
Gloves, gifts of, [62].
Gold premium, [305].
Googe, Barnaby, [144], [173].
Gooseberries, [331].
Grafting in seventeenth century, [130].
Grain crops, chief source of lord's income, [25].
Grapes, [136], [329] (see Vineyards).
Grass, acreage under, in 1877 and 1907, [331-2];
in 1850, [353];
arable land laid down to, [56], [58], [75], [79], [91], [93-4], [117-9], [120], [196],
[219], [231], [305];
converting, to tillage, [231], [263];
more profitable than arable, [199];
seeds, [165], [191], [194], [226-7].
Grass land, price of, see Pasture and meadow, price of;
ploughed up, [186], [218], [245].
Grass section of England in 1893, [306n.]
Grasshoppers, plague of, [185].
Graziers, profits of, [184],
Greycoats of Kent, [259].
Ground Game Act, [303].
Guano, [232], [276].
Guernsey cattle, [342], [343].
Gun, the, in seventeenth century, [140].
H
Haggard, Rider, Mr., [314-5].
Hallam, [210].
Hambleton, Sir A. Barker of, [142].
Hamlets, [5].
Hampshire, [28], [36], [79], [116], [132], [145], [165n.], [240], [253], [266], [268], [306n.],
[309], [314];
sheep, [275], [288], [344], [345].
Handborough, [53].
Harrison, 'Description of England,' [19], [28], [50], [56], [86], [91], [95], [101],
[104], [149].
Harrow, the, and harrowing, [17], [65], [84], [125], [135], [141], [153-4], [166],
[176], [176], [179], [194], [201], [203], [246].
Hartlib, Simon, [127], [128], [130], [131], [132], [142-3].
Harvest, importance of, [9], [108].
Harvest homes, [104], [269].
Harvest work, [25], [62], [125], [138], [209].
Hatfield Chase, [78].
Hawsted, [20], [30], [35], [54], [57], [58], [62], [63], [67], [112], [115], [116], [178],
[179], [205], [207].
Hay, [112];
price of, see Prices;
carrying off, [178], [219], [302];
imports of, [262].
Hay tedder, [304].
Haymaking, [4], [44], [124], [125], [138], [142].
Headlands, [3].
'Heaths', Shropshire, [220].
Hedges, [124], [148], [150], [163], [178], [282].
Hemp, [100], [105], [135], [151].
Henley, Walter of, [19n.], [31], [36], [83].
Henry of Huntingdon, [327].
Hens, number of eggs from, [35].
Herdwick sheep, [344], [346].
Hereford cattle, [233], [235], [274], [288], [336], [338-40], [342].
Herefordshire, [5], [40], [128], [130], [132], [136], [143], [171], [186-7], [188], [240],
[247], [249], [250], [267], [291], [306], [309], [316].
Hertfordshire, [150], [174], [179], [225], [238], [306n.]
Hentzner's description of English fanning, [104].
Hide, [16].
Highland, West, cattle, [217], [343].
Hoeing, [153], [166], [188], [201-2], [354];
horse, [198], [201].
Holder, the small, [73], [76], [119], [121-2], [164], [191], [195], [202], [205], [220],
[253-61], [268], [308], [310], [311], [316-9];
decrease of, causes of, [122], [259];
new class of, [260].
Holderness cattle, [337].
Holdings, various sizes of, [334].
Holland,
Shorthorns from, [337];
live stock in, [334];
wheat crops in, [332n.]
Honey, [10], [144].
Hops, [28], [86-7], [89-91], [111], [125], [128], [143], [149], [150], [171], [297-9],
[329-30], [331];
acreage of, in 1729, [171], [297-8], [329];
average crop, [333];
duty on, [297-8];
imports of, [329-30];
profit on, [90], [150], [171], [298-9], [330];
substitutes, [298], [329].
Horse fairs, [105].
Horse shoes, [36].
Horses,
deterioration of; [85], [146];
export of, [325-6];
kinds of, [274], [335];
number of, [333];
size of, [104], [105], [217];
tax on, [249];
working powers of, [31], [153], [204].
(See Prices.)
Houghton, account of potatoes, [106], [127], [165].
Houses, wooden, [50] (see Farmhouses);
of the squire and yeoman, [103], [212].
Housing cattle and horses, [126].
Howberry, [175-6].
'Hubback', [234].
Hundred Rolls, [28], [76], [327].
Hunting, [140], [210].
Huntingdonshire, [3], [25n.], [72], [120], [123], [222],[306n.], [309].
Hurdles, [354].
Husbandry, old and new, see Cultivation.
I
Implements, cost of, rises, [242];
in seventeenth century, [135], [152-3], [154];
in eighteenth century, [188], [194], [203], [229], [236];
in nineteenth century, [271], [273-5], [276], [287n.], [303-4], [316];
improvement in, [113];
list of, in eleventh century, [17-52];
prices of, [83], [138].
Importing country, England becomes an, [163].
Imports cause low prices, [295].
Imports
of clover seed, [166];
of corn, [20], [63n.], [66], [69], [70], [159-61], [183], [184], [223], [224], [230], [240],
[241-4], [247], [248], [249], [262], [266], [267], [277-80], [287], [293], [305], [323-4],
[330], [348-9];
of dairy produce, [325];
of fruit, [188], [329];
of hops, [150];
of linen, [105];
of livestock, [161], [280-1], [305], [324-6], [337];
of meat, [161], [305], [325], [330];
of wool, [39], [161], [305], [328], [354].
Improvements, amount expended in, [320-1];
needed in eighteenth century, [191];
in farming in eighteenth century, [192] (see Agriculture, state of), [193],
[204] (see Farming).
Inbreeding, Bakewell and, [214];
the Collings and, [234-5].
Income and expenditure of landed classes (1688), [156].
Incubators, early, [132].