Analysis of typical samples of crude palm oil has given:—
| Saponification Equivalent. | Acidity (as Oleic Acid) Per Cent. | Titre, °C. | Water and Impurities, Per Cent. |
| 278 | 10.7 | 45 | 1.6 |
| 280 | 31.2 | 44.5 | 2.8 |
Palm oil should absorb 51 to 56 per cent. iodine.
In the lower qualities we have examples of the result of hydrolytic decomposition by enzymes, the free acidity often amounting to 70 per cent.
Cotton-seed Oil.—This oil is expressed from the seeds separated from the "wool" of the various kinds of cotton tree largely cultivated in America and Egypt.
In its crude state cotton-seed oil is a dark fluid containing mucilaginous and colouring matter, and is not applicable for soap-making. The following figures are representative of well-refined cotton-seed oils:—
| Specific Gravity at 15° C. | Saponification Equivalent. | Acidity (as Oleic Acid) Per Cent. | Titre, °C. | Refractive Index at 20° C. |
| 0.9229 | 290 | 0.24 | 33.6 | 1.4721 |
| 0.924 | 299 | 0.39 | 35 | 1.4719 |
Cotton-seed oil should absorb 104 to 110 per cent. iodine.
Cotton-seed Stearine.—The product obtained by pressing the deposit which separates on chilling refined cotton-seed oil.