Oil of Inoy-kernel.—(Bulletin Imp. Inst., 1906, p. 201). The seeds of Poga oleosa from West Africa yield on extraction an oil which gives the figures quoted below, and is suggested as a soap-maker's material:—
| Saponification Equivalent. | Iodine No. | Titre, °C. |
| 304 | 89.75 | 22 |
Rosin.
Rosin is the residuum remaining after distillation of spirits of turpentine from the crude oleo-resin exuded by several species of the pine, which abound in America, particularly in North Carolina, and also flourish in France and Spain. The gigantic forests of the United States consist principally of the long-leaved pine, Pinus palustris (Australis), whilst the French and Spanish oleo-resin is chiefly obtained from Pinus pinaster, which is largely cultivated.
Rosin is a brittle, tasteless, transparent substance having a smooth shining fracture and melting at about 135° C. (275° F.). The American variety possesses a characteristic aromatic odour, which is lacking in those from France and Spain. It is graded by samples taken out of the top of every barrel, and cut into 7/8 of an inch cubes, which must be uniform in size—the shade of colour of the cube determines its grade and value.
The grades are as follows:—
W. W. (Water white.)
W. G. (Window glass.)
N. (Extra pale.)
M. (Pale.)
K. (Low pale.)
I. (Good No. 1.)
H. (No. 1.)
G. (Low No. 1.)
F. (Good No. 2.)
E. (No. 2.)
D. (Good strain.)
C. (Strain.)
B. (Common strain.)
A. (Common.)
Unsaponifiable matter is present in rosin in varying amounts.
Below are a few typical figures taken from a large number of collated determinations:—
| Saponification Equivalent. | Total Acid No. | Free Acid No. | Iodine No. | |
| American W. W. | 330.5 | 169.7 | 119.1 | 126.9 |
| American N. | 312.3 | 179.6 | 161.4 | 137.8 |
| French | 320.5 | 175 | 168 | 120.7 |
| Spanish | 313.4 | 179 | 160 | 129.8 |