Climate.—Council Bluffs is in latitude 41-½°, Dubuque 42-¾°, Green Bay 43-½°, and Mackinaw City about 46°. By reference to the following tables of temperature, it will be seen that these points are about on the same isothermal line, practically removing, by these tables, the prejudices generally existing against the climate of northern Michigan—see Blodgett's Climatology and Army Meteorological Reports of United States.
These extremes of latitude of Philadelphia and Mackinaw include the principal agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and commercial interests of America, elements naturally pertaining to Michigan, and second in their variety and extent to no State of the Union.
| Archangel, Russia, | average in January above zero, | 6.60° |
| St. Petersburg, | """ | 15.70 |
| Christiana, Norway, | """ | 21.30 |
| St. Bernard, Switzerland, | """ | 14.40 |
| Moscow, Russia, | """ | 13.60 |
| Erzeroum, Turkey, | """ | 18.00 |
| Taganwa, Sea of Azof, | """ | 20.70 |
| Astracan, Caspian Sea, | """ | 21.30 |
| Kasow (Volga) Russia, | """ | 3.50 |
| Stockholm, Sweden, | """ | 24.30 |
| Cracow, Poland, | """ | 23.40 |
| Pekin, China, | """ | 26.00 |
| Odessa, S. Russia, | """ | 25.20 |
| Berlin, Prussia, | """ | 27.70 |
| Bangor, Maine | January 4, | below | 40° |
| Bath" | " | " | 40 |
| Portland," | " | " | 21 |
| Boston, Mass. | " | " | 15 |
| Salem," | " | " | 17 |
| Chicago, Ill. | February 8, | " | 22 |
| St. Louis, Mo. | " | " | 22 |
| Cincinnati, O. | " | " | 18 |
| Lexington, Ky. | " | " | 20 |
| Nashville, Tenn. | " | " | 10 |
| Huntsville, Ala. | " | " | 9 |
| Philadelphia, Pa. | " | " | 6 |
| Lancaster, Pa. | " | " | 22 |
| Washington City | " | " | 16 |
| Clarksville, Geo. | " | " | 15 |
Army Meteorological Reports for 1854.
| January. Mean. | Range. | above mean. | below mean. | ||
| Max'm. | min'm. | ||||
| Fort Hamilton, N. Y. | 31.49° | 50. | 12. | 18.5 | 19.5 |
| Fort Niagara," | 25.04 | 48. | 6. | 23. | 19. |
| Alleghany, Pa. | 29.08 | 64. | 5. | 34.9 | 24.1 |
| Fort Delaware, Md. | 32.38 | 54. | 10. | 21.6 | 17.4 |
| Cincinnati, Ohio | 31.78 | 54. | 1. | 22.2 | 32.8 |
| Fort Snelling, Min. | 1.30 | 45. | 36. | 43.7 | 37.3 |
| " Leavenworth, Kan. | 24.68 | 67. | 8. | 32.3 | 32.7 |
| " Mackinaw, Mich. | 13.09 | 34. | 15. | 10.9 | 28.1 |
Blodgett's and Army Rain Charts, showing rain and snow in inches for a series of years.