[546] In the island of Gothland, Baltic. These laws are believed to have been reduced to three, their present form, by Magnus, who became king of Sweden in A.D. 1320. (Pardessus, p. 426.) They are almost identical with those in the Rôles d’Oleron, North German names of places of departure, &c. being substituted for Bordeaux, &c.
[547] Cap. 30.
[548] King John, in his edict of Hastings, A.D. 1200, ordered his captains to seize and to confiscate the cargoes of every ship that did not strike their topsails to them. (Selden, “Mare Clausum,” ii. c. 26.) He is also said to have destroyed the whole naval force of France. Trivet, “Ann. ad ann. 1214,” quoted by Spelman, in his Glossary.
[549] M. Paris, p. 298. Ann. of Waverl. p. 183. Gale, ap. Robert of Gloucester, p. 515.
[550] See [Appendix No. 4, pp. 629-632], for charter of Edward I. (1272-1307) to the Cinque Ports. This appears to be the earliest charter that has been preserved, but it is only confirmatory of the charters given by previous kings.
[551] M. Paris, p. 589.
[552] There is constant notice of intercourse between England and Norway during this period of English history. See [Appendix No. 3, p. 629.]
[553] This was about A.D. 1220. This “Guild-hall” (“Gildalla Teutonicorum”) was distinct from the guildhall of the merchants of the Steel-yard. (Madox, Hist. Excheq. ii. 2.) The former obtained a charter from Henry III. in A.D. 1259. Rymer, Fœd. v. 2.
[554] Hakluyt’s “Voyages,” vol. i. p. 130.
[555] Atkins’s “Manchester,” p. 332. Liverpool appears to have had burgesses as early as A.D. 1207. Rot. Patent. 9 Johan.