APPENDIX No. 10.
Statistics of Tonnage belonging to Great Britain, United States, France, and Holland, from 1821 to 1874.
| Year. | British Empire. | United States. | France. | Holland. | Year. | ||||||
| Registered Vessels-Foreign Trade. | Enrolled Vessels-Coasting Trade. | ||||||||||
| Steam. | Total. | Steam. | Total. | Steam. | Total. | Steam. | Total. | Steam. | Total. | ||
| Steam and Sailing. | Steam and Sailing. | Steam and Sailing. | Steam and Sailing. | Steam and Sailing. | |||||||
| 1821 | .. | 2,560,203 | .. | 619,896 | .. | 612,712 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1821 |
| 1822 | .. | 2,519,044 | .. | 628,150 | .. | 634,619 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1822 |
| 1823 | .. | 2,506,760 | .. | 639,921 | .. | 634,035 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1823 |
| 1824 | .. | 2,559,587 | .. | 669,973 | .. | 657,642 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1824 |
| 1825 | .. | 2,553,682 | .. | 700,787 | .. | 657,899 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1825 |
| 1826 | .. | 2,635,644 | .. | 737,978 | .. | 730,172 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1826 |
| 1827 | .. | 2,460,500 | .. | 747,170 | .. | 806,986 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1827 |
| 1828 | .. | 2,518,191 | .. | 812,619 | .. | 862,171 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1828 |
| 1829 | .. | 2,517,000 | .. | 650,143 | .. | 588,357 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1829 |
| 1830 | .. | 2,531,819 | .. | 576,475 | .. | 591,447 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1830 |
| 1831 | .. | 2,581,904 | .. | 620,452 | .. | 620,017 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1831 |
| 1832 | .. | 2,618,068 | .. | 686,990 | .. | 723,689 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1832 |
| 1833 | .. | 2,634,577 | .. | 750,027 | .. | 825,196 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1833 |
| 1834 | .. | 2,716,100 | .. | 857,438 | .. | 869,382 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1834 |
| 1835 | .. | 2,783,761 | .. | 805,822 | .. | 906,612 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1835 |
| 1836 | .. | 2,792,646 | .. | 897,775 | .. | 952,527 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1836 |
| 1837 | .. | 2,791,018 | .. | 810,447 | .. | 1,051,011 | .. | 696,978 | .. | .. | 1837 |
| 1838 | 82,716 | 2,890,601 | 2,791 | 822,592 | 190,632 | 1,133,999 | 9,693 | 679,863 | .. | .. | 1838 |
| 1839 | 86,731 | 3,068,433 | 5,149 | 834,245 | 199,789 | 1,221,902 | 9,810 | 673,308 | .. | .. | 1839 |
| 1840 | 95,807 | 3,311,538 | 4,155 | 899,765 | 198,184 | 1,240,860 | 9,535 | 662,500 | .. | .. | 1840 |
| 1841 | 104,845 | 3,512,480 | 746 | 945,803 | 174,342 | 1,147,913 | 10,183 | 590,262 | .. | .. | 1841 |
| 1842 | 118,930 | 3,619,850 | 4,701 | 975,359 | 224,960 | 1,084,669 | 9,757 | 589,517 | .. | .. | 1842 |
| 1843 | 121,455 | 3,588,387 | 5,373 | 1,009,305 | 231,494 | 1,115,028 | 9,536 | 599,707 | .. | .. | 1843 |
| 1844 | 125,675 | 3,637,231 | 6,909 | 1,068,765 | 265,270 | 1,173,538 | 9,293 | 604,637 | .. | .. | 1844 |
| 1845 | 131,202 | 3,714,061 | 6,492 | 1,095,172 | 319,527 | 1,282,344 | 9,390 | 611,492 | .. | .. | 1845 |
| 1846 | 134,784 | 3,817,112 | 6,287 | 1,130,287 | 341,606 | 1,399,290 | 10,921 | 633,359 | .. | .. | 1846 |
| 1847 | 156,557 | 3,952,524 | 5,631 | 1,241,313 | 399,210 | 1,554,252 | 12,567 | 670,260 | .. | .. | 1847 |
| 1848 | 168,078 | 4,052,160 | 16,038 | 1,360,887 | 411,823 | 1,747,632 | 13,152 | 683,298 | .. | .. | 1848 |
| 1849 | 177,310 | 4,144,115 | 20,870 | 1,438,942 | 441,525 | 1,848,235 | 13,391 | 680,565 | .. | .. | 1849 |
| 1850 | 187,631 | 4,232,962 | 44,942 | 1,585,711 | 481,005 | 1,899,555 | 13,925 | 633,153 | 3,672 | 396,124 | 1850 |
| 1851 | 204,654 | 4,332,085 | 62,390 | 1,726,307 | 521,217 | 1,992,333 | 19,460 | 704,036 | 3,692 | 421,506 | 1851 |
| 1852 | 227,306 | 4,424,362 | 79,704 | 1,899,448 | 563,536 | 2,183,226 | 22,171 | 721,384 | 3,950 | 448,864 | 1852 |
| 1853 | 264,336 | 4,764,422 | 90,520 | 2,103,674 | 574,098 | 2,242,622 | 26,399 | 762,415 | 4,452 | 479,202 | 1853 |
| 1854 | 326,484 | 5,115,846 | 95,036 | 2,333,819 | 581,571 | 2,411,135 | 35,098 | 819,762 | 5,064 | 579,016 | 1854 |
| 1855 | 408,290 | 5,250,553 | 115,045 | 2,535,136 | 655,240 | 2,615,731 | 45,093 | 872,156 | 5,868 | 551,854 | 1855 |
| 1858 | 417,717 | 5,312,436 | 89,715 | 2,491,403 | 583,362 | 2,337,886 | 63,926 | 998,996 | 10,428 | 593,384 | 1856 |
| 1857 | 453,966 | 5,531,887 | 86,873 | 2,463,968 | 618,911 | 2,438,370 | 71,979 | 1,052,535 | 13,302 | 621,102 | 1857 |
| 1858 | 488,415 | 5,609,623 | 78,027 | 2,499,742 | 651,363 | 2,502,086 | 66,587 | 1,049,844 | 13,768 | 621,306 | 1858 |
| 1859 | 472,764 | 5,660,402 | 92,747 | 2,507,402 | 676,004 | 2,586,967 | 65,006 | 1,025,942 | 14,340 | 611,350 | 1859 |
| 1860 | 500,144 | 5,710,968 | 97,296 | 2,546,237 | 770,641 | 2,752,938 | 68,025 | 996,124 | 13,746 | 588,772 | 1860 |
| 1861 | 561,023 | 5,895,369 | 102,608 | 2,642,628 | 774,596 | 2,839,399 | 73,267 | 983,996 | 13,012 | 572,434 | 1861 |
| 1862 | 597,932 | 6,041,358 | 113,998 | 2,291,251 | 596,465 | 2,772,005 | 78,981 | 982,571 | 12,636 | 554,244 | 1862 |
| 1863 | 657,026 | 6,624,403 | 133,215 | 2,026,114 | 439,755 | 3,076,193 | 84,918 | 985,235 | 13,994 | 539,844 | 1863 |
| 1864 | 769,398 | 7,103,261 | 106,519 | 1,581,894 | 853,816 | 3,352,471 | 97,884 | 998,519 | 15,862 | 542,952 | 1864 |
| 1865 | 902,052 | 7,322,604 | 98,008 | 1,602,583 | 969,131 | 3,454,093 | 108,328 | 1,008,084 | 15,068 | 538,676 | 1865 |
| 1866 | 952,318 | 7,297,984 | 198,289 | 1,492,926 | 885,023 | 2,778,537 | 127,777 | 1,042,811 | 16,184 | 540,084 | 1866 |
| 1867 | 973,415 | 7,232,671 | 198,115 | 1,568,032 | 993,765 | 2,695,368 | 133,158 | 1,048,679 | 20,694 | 540,164 | 1867 |
| 1868 | 977,292 | 7,236,916 | 221,939 | 1,565,732 | 977,476 | 2,733,167 | 135,259 | 1,058,548 | 22,194 | 535,192 | 1868 |
| 1869 | 1,033,247 | 7,185,430 | 213,252 | 1,566,422 | 890,316 | 2,526,093 | 142,942 | 1,074,656 | 22,568 | 528,196 | 1869 |
| 1870 | 1,202,134 | 7,149,134 | 192,544 | 1,516,800 | 882,551 | 2,677,940 | 154,415 | 1,072,396 | 26,394 | 528,578 | 1870 |
| 1871 | 1,411,803 | 7,142,891 | 180,914 | 1,425,142 | 906,723 | 2,805,274 | 160,478 | 1,077,611 | 36,644 | 521,098 | 1871 |
| 1872 | 1,640,639 | 7,213,829 | 177,666 | 1,410,648 | 933,887 | 2,971,309 | 177,462 | 1,089,075 | 46,370 | 522,368 | 1872 |
| 1873 | 1,825,738 | 7,294,230 | 173,423 | 1,423,288 | 963,020 | 3,215,915 | 185,165 | 1,068,031 | .. | .. | 1873 |
| 1874 | 1,987,235 | 7,533,492 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 194,546 | 1,037,272 | .. | .. | 1874 |
APPENDIX No. 11.
Table showing at what Ports Exemptions existed, &c., in 1852, in favour of certain British Ships, &c.
| Name. | Persons, &c., exempt. | How exempt. | Amount of Tax. | When Exemption will expire. |
| £ s. | .. | |||
| Faversham | Vessels belonging to residents are exempt from anchorage duty levied by authority of the Lord of the Manor. | Favour of Lord of the Manor. | 19 0 | May cease at any time at will of lord. |
| Chichester | Freemen, from one-half quay dues, levied by prescriptive right of the Corporation. | .. | 136 0 | Extinction of class of freemen. |
| Southampton | Vessels belonging to the port, from tonnage and other dues. | .. | 4,350 0 | .. |
| Cowes | Vessels registered at Cowes, from harbour dues. | .. | 58 0 | .. |
| Newport | Freemen of Newport, from dues | .. | 230 0 | Ditto. |
| Exeter | Freemen of Exeter, from town dues | Under Charter | 716 0 | .. |
| Teignmouth | Vessel belonging to the port, from anchorage dues. | .. | 2 9 | .. |
| Torquay | Ditto, pay annually 8d. per ton, while others pay 4d. each time. | .. | 2,510 0 | Completion of new harbour. |
| Plymouth | Cinque Ports vessels, from anchorage dues | Charters | 282 0 | .. |
| Brixham | Resident owners, from harbour dues | .. | 648 0 | .. |
| Totness | Freemen of Totness, from quay dues | .. | 346 0 | Extinction of class of freemen. |
| Fowey | Vessels belonging to Fowey and the Cinque Ports, from anchorage dues. | .. | 32 0 | .. |
| Falmouth | Vessels belonging to Falmouth, Truro, and Cinque Ports, from anchorage and flag money. | .. | 313 0 | .. |
| St. Michael’s Mount | Fish belonging to inhabitants, from dues on goods. | .. | 157 0 | .. |
| Bideford | Barnstaple Corporation, from imports and tonnage duties. | .. | 97 0 | .. |
| Bristol | Freemen of Bristol, London, and Liverpool, from town dues on goods imported from foreign ports. | .. | 4,389 0 | Ditto. |
| Swansea | Freemen of Swansea, from dues on certain goods. | Ancient customs | 1,564 0 | Ditto. |
| Carmarthen | Freemen of Carmarthen, from dues on certain goods. | Under the Municipal Acts. | 76 0 | Ditto. |
| Beaumaris | Burgesses of the old Corporation, from town dues. | .. | 350 0 | Extinction of old Corporation, when the town dues will expire. |
| Liverpool | Freemen of Liverpool, London, Waterford, and Wexford, being inhabitant householders, from town and anchorage dues. | Ancient charters or customs. | 144,100 0 | .. |
| Lancaster | Freemen of Lancaster, from anchorage dues | .. | 8 0 | .. |
| Newcastle | Freemen of London, Dover, Rye, Faversham, Folkestone, Sandwich, York, and Newcastle, are exempt from export dues. | By prescription | 13,456 0[316] | Extinction of class of freemen. |
| Scarborough | Freemen of Scarborough, from water tolls | By prescription | 160 0 | Extinction of class of freemen. |
| Kingston-on-Hull | Freemen of Hull, from anchorage | .. | 2,494 0 | Ditto. |
| Bridlington | Vessels belonging to persons resident in Bridlington, from mastage dues. | .. | 2 12 | .. |
| King’s Lynn | Freemen of Lynn, from beacon | Charters and usage | 1,961 0 | Ditto. |
| Wells | Vessels belonging to Wells, from ballast dues. | .. | 814 0 | .. |
| Great Yarmouth | Freemen’s vessels carrying coal | By prescription, confirmed by 5 Anne. | 400 0[317] | .. |
| Colchester | Vessels belonging to Colchester, from anchorage and groundage dues. | .. | 8 11 | .. |
| SCOTLAND. | ||||
| Leith | Fish and oysters, from import dues | .. | 42,176 0 | .. |
| Fisherrow | Ditto | .. | .. | .. |
| North Berwick | Burgesses from one-half shore dues | Act of Council. | .. | .. |
| Leven | Ships belonging to Leven, from one-half tonnage dues. | Authority of proprietor. | 112 0 | .. |
| Burntisland | Burgesses and freemen, from one-half shore dues. | .. | 1,574 0 | Ditto. |
| Dundee | Burgesses pay one-half shore placks | Charter | 278 0 | .. |
| St. Andrew’s | Ditto, tonnage dues | .. | 320 0 | .. |
| Newport | Boats belonging to Newport, from shore dues | Will of Lord of the Manor. | 10 0 | .. |
| Aberdeen | Vessels belonging to Aberdeen pay 9d. for ballast; other vessels 1s. | .. | 1,427 0 | .. |
| Portsoy } | Vessels belonging to places in Earl Seafield’s interest pay one-half harbour dues | .. | 315 0 | .. |
| Cullen } | .. | 226 0 | .. | |
| Whitehills } | .. | 56 0 | .. | |
| Blackpitts } | .. | .. | .. | |
| Gardenstown | Vessels belonging to Gardenstown and Troup pay one-half shore dues. | Authority of Mr. Campbell. | 82 0 | .. |
| Inverness | Local boats under five tons register | .. | 105 0 | .. |
| Glasgow | Vessels of burgesses of Dumbarton, from harbour dues. | 21 and 22 Vict., c. 149, s. 108. | 585 0 | Extinction of class. |
| Port Glasgow | Burgesses of Dumbarton, for dues and works existing prior to 1864. | .. | 2,951 0 | .. |
| IRELAND. | ||||
| Wicklow | Vessels belonging to Wicklow pay annually 4d. per ton; others pay 3d. per voyage. | .. | 130 0 | .. |
| Cork | Freemen of Cork, from Mayor’s fees | .. | 317 0 | Ditto. |
| Kinsale } | Local vessels | { Charter | 40 0 | .. |
| Carlingford } | { Custom | 128 0 | .. | |
APPENDIX No. 12.
Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping.
Although no records have been preserved—what a mass of knowledge must have been lost during the “dark ages”!—there can be no doubt that from the earliest period, at least during the plenitude of the Maritime Power of the Phœnicians, some means must have been adopted to show that a ship was seaworthy, and, as little doubt, that the relative qualities of ships, in this respect, were classified, and, if not recorded in any public documents, were, at least, well known to all persons interested in shipping. However much the world may have changed, human nature remains the same; and the merchants and Shipowners of ancient times must have desired, as they do now, to know if the vessel in which they embarked, or in which they shipped their goods, was fit to carry them safely: from this desire would, naturally, arise the competition of one Shipowner to have a better vessel than his neighbour, so that he might secure a preference. Nor can I suppose that this natural rivalry was confined, any more then than it is now, to the superiority in strength of hull, but was extended to equipment and speed. Indeed, that such was the case is established by the unquestioned records handed down to us of ancient vessels, including that in which St. Paul made his celebrated voyage of which I have given an account in the early portions of this work.
That the Italian Republics had some sort of classification for their vessels we may feel even more certain, although, unfortunately, throughout all time, no historians seem to have considered shipping worthy of their pen—how strange, considering the part it has played in the history of the world! for we find that they went so far as to stipulate by law that no vessel should be laden beyond a certain depth. It is, therefore, reasonable to conclude that they had means of ascertaining the relative qualities of vessels, and that records of these were kept and made public for the guidance of underwriters, whom we know then existed, and of all persons who required to entrust their lives or goods in them. It would, therefore, be absurd to deny the existence of institutions, till a very recent period, of some sort or another which had for their object the classification of ships, because no account of them has been written or preserved.