| ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “BRITANNIA” AND “BOTHNIA.” | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| “Britannia.” | “Bothnia.” | Difference in favour of “Bothnia.” | |
| Year Built | 1840. | 1874. | |
| Cargo Capacity | 225 Tons. | 3000 Tons. | 13·75 times more. |
| Passenger Accommodation | 90 Persons (1st Class). | 340 Persons (1st Class), | 3·70 times more. |
| not including steerage. | |||
| Average speed per hour | 8·4 Knots. | 13 Knots. | 1·46 times faster. |
| Consumption of fuel per indicated horse-power, per hour | 4·7 lbs. | 2·2 lbs. | Decrease of 2·5 lbs., or more than one-half saved. |
Mr. McGregor Laird, in his remarkably prophetic letter on Transatlantic steam voyages (see [note, text, p. 171]), which appeared under the signature of “Chimera” in the Liverpool Albion, 28th December 1835, estimated the consumption of coal at 9½ lbs. per horse per hour, but considered that quantity could be reduced by working large engines expansively. The first steamer of the Cunard Company in 1840 consumed close upon 5 lbs.; the last a little over 2 lbs. If we can still only convert one-sixth of the heat we create into steam (see [text, p. 581]), we may hope to be able to reduce the consumption to ½ lb. of coal per horse-power per hour.
To face page 608.
APPENDIX No. 12. Vol. iv., p. 244.
Rules for exercising Boats and Fire-Pumps, on board all Ships with eight Boats in the Cunard Service.
1st. Every officer in charge of a boat shall be conversant with the names and number of the crew thereof, and have a muster-roll of the same; and in exercising boats when mustered at “boats’ stations,” shall place his men, sailors forward, firemen amidships, stewards, &c., aft; and shall see that his men wear the badge with the number of the boat.
2nd. Each officer shall place two of sailing department, who will attend the outside chocks, gripes, and davit-lockings, lower the boat when swung out, and remain to belay the falls, when hoisted up. No boat to be lowered until the order is given, “lower away.”
3rd. Each officer shall station two of sailing department to take cover off, and fore and aft spar out of the boat, and remain in her.
4th. In hoisting up, the crews of opposite boats assist each other, the starboard boat taking the after falls on both sides, and the port the forward.
Fire Stations.