Old Foundation.—If a stock of foundation should at any time be left in hand it is advisable that it should be slightly warmed before it is given for the use of the bees, for unless it is quite pliable the bees will reject it.
Excluder Zinc.—It is impossible to work the bar-frame hive for profit without the aid of excluder zinc, for it is this useful appliance which prevents the queen from entering the supers and spoiling the surplus honey by laying her eggs in the comb. For the novice must learn at once that no honey should be extracted from combs which contain brood.
The queen excluder should completely cover the open space above the brood nest before the super is placed over it.
A new queen excluder is now on the market, made of hard wires strapped together, and the patentee claims that more workers can pass through it than is possible with the old type.
A Standard Frame with Drawn-out Comb
An Efficient Queen Excluder
A Frame Hive with the top removed