If the ink hardens on the rollers remove it with lye or washing soda.
If you wish to interrupt the work, the plate must be washed with a wet sponge, to remove the preparation, and then dried with a cloth. On using again, apply No. 2, as before. If the plate has not been used for several days, apply both No. 1 and No. 2. Do not use woollen cloths.
The mixtures No. 1 and No. 2 are supplied with the press. {180}
Thus it will be seen that photographs may be reproduced by many processes and in quantities to accommodate all sorts of demands. As an averment of what the future holds, our book is brought to a close by the following quotation from a recent issue of a daily newspaper:
“Some time ago the Evening Post gave an account of a new process by which books were being reproduced in this country directly from photographic plates, and it was said that the field for such business would probably grow in proportion to the ease and certainty with which this kind of work could be done. Under this process the most important work issued so far has been seventeen volumes of the Encyclopædia Britannica, this production being sold at half the price asked for an American reprint already in the market, and at one-third of the price of the imported book. In order to make this reproduction, the sheets of the English volume are carefully photographed, and the glass negative placed over a thick sheet of specially prepared gelatine and exposed to the sun. Wherever the dark film upon the glass negative prevents the light from reaching the surface of the gelatine, this substance remains insoluble in water. Wherever the light penetrates, the gelatine undergoes a chemical change which makes it soluble. After an exposure to the sun or electric light for some minutes, the gelatine sheet is washed with water and the result is a plate in relief, every black line upon the glass negative being in high relief, and everything else washing away under the sponge.
“Until the last few years, it had been very difficult to get this relief sufficient to print from, but by improvements in the process effected by a number of different inventors, this result has been obtained. The gelatine sheet having been hardened, an electrotype is made from it which is put into the printing press. Owing to chance, the gelatine sheet itself was used one day for printing from directly, and it was found that a larger number of good copies could be made from the gelatine direct than from the hardest electrotype. The only drawback to the use of the gelatine plate itself in the printing press is its liability to crack, for no reason that has as yet been discovered. If some way is found of making the gelatine plate durable, it would be used entirely in place of an electrotype, as it costs almost nothing and can be made quicker than an electrotype.”
The way has been “found” and zinc etching is doing the work.
Finally, the essays of John Burnet, “On the Education of the Eye,” “On Composition,” and “On Light and Shade,” copies of which are hard to get for $100, have recently been reproduced by one of the processes given in this book, full size, and is sold at $4.00. There is a great future ahead for all process work.
- INDEX.
- Acid, lateral action of the, [80]
- Acids, on the use of, [100]
- Actinometer, to make an, [107]
- Air brush, grain with the, [100]
- Albumen, coating the zinc plate with sensitive, [41]
- Albumenized zinc plate, inking the, [46]
- Albumenizing the glass plate, [21]
- Alcohol lamp, the, [98]
- All sources, hints from, [94]
- Apparatus etching, [97]
- — for printing upon zinc, [39]
- Appliances for making negatives, [9]
- As to the drawing, [94]
- Austrian method, etching on, [84]
- — middle etching, [87]
- Bath, the nitrate of silver, [12], [16], [27]
- Beer, preliminary coating of, [164], [170]
- Bitumen, printing on zinc in, [48]
- Black process, Colas’s, [109]
- Blackening in with a sponge, [78]
- Block, printing from the half tone, [72]
- Board, the developing, [141]
- Box, the best drying, [99]
- Bridge, the calibre, [93]
- Calibre-bridge, the, [93]
- Camera, the enlarging, [67]
- Carbon printing, [106]
- — tissue for reproductions, [32]
- Chiseling illustrated, [90]
- Clean etching, [91]
- Clearing solution, the, [18]
- — the glass, [21]
- Coating the zinc plate with sensitive albumen, [41]
- Colas’s black process, [109]
- Collodion process, the wet, [11]
- Collotype process, the, [163]
- Copper, mordants for, [112]
- Damping fluids for collotype printing, [173]
- Dark-room, the, [25]
- Deep etching, [89]
- Developer for wet plates, [24]
- — for gelatine dry plates, [30]
- Developing the albumen image on the zinc plate, [42]
- Developing-board, the, [141]
- Difference in processes, the, [117]
- Direct transfers to zinc, [51]
- Drawing, transfer of the, [83]
- Drawings, Colas’s process for reproducing, [109]
- Dry plates in photo-engraving, [29]
- Drying-box, the best, [99]
- Drying oven for the collotype process, [167], [174]
- — the zinc plate, [42]
- Dusting-box, the, [124]
- Dusting sieve, [98]
- — the transfers, [54]
- Electrotype methods for half-tone intaglios, [127]
- Engraving, photo-, in half tone, [63]
- Enlarging camera, the, [68]
- Etching apparatus, [97]
- — clean, [91]
- — cleaning the, with a scraper, [88]
- — deep, [89]
- — — illustrated, [90]
- — finishing and mounting the, [92]
- — fluids for collotype prints, [173]
- — galvanic process of, [101]
- — in half-tone (albumen), [69]
- — — — (bitumen), [70]
- — in relief, high, [104]
- — intermediate treatment, [79]
- — line transfers, [55]
- — manipulations of the process of, [93]
- — middle, Austrian method, [87]
- — — and deep, illustrated, [88]
- — mordants for, [109]
- — — for electric, [113]
- — — for relief, [113]
- — — for tint, [113]
- — — for zinc, [115]
- — on copper, [121]
- — order of the manipulations, [86]
- — round, [88]
- — the Austrian method, [84]
- — — illustrated, [88]
- — the first zinc, [57]
- — the French method of, [76], [80]
- — the second zinc, [58]
- — with sulphate of copper solution, [103]
- — zincographic, [115]
- Exposed zinc, inking the, [44]
- Exposure and timing, [43]
- Fading out the photograph, [96]
- Faults in strengthening, [78]
- Finishing and mounting the etching, [92]
- Fixing, solution, the, [18]
- Fluids, damping, for collotype printing, [173]
- — etching, for collotype printing, [173]
- French method of etching, [76], [80]
- Further treatment of the transfers, [16]
- Galvanic process for etching, [102]
- Gelatine dry plates in photo-engraving, [29]
- Gillotage (Gillot’s process), [101]
- Glass, albumenizing the, [22]
- Grain on a negative, to produce, [100]
- Grained negatives, making, [65]
- — — transparencies for, [66]
- Graining the zinc plate, [40]
- Half-tone photo-engraving, [63]
- Heliotype process, the, [152]
- High etching in relief, [104]
- Hints from all sources, [94]
- Husband’s papyrotint process, [147]
- Ink for transfers, hard, [55]
- Inking the exposed zinc, [44]
- — transfers, [54]
- Ink-photos, [144]
- Intaglios, half-tone, [122], [124]
- Intensifier, the, [18]
- Lamp, the alcohol, [99]
- Lateral action of the acid, [80]
- Line, photo-engraving in, [9]
- Line transfers, etching, [56]
- — — ink for, [56]
- Making grained negatives, [65]
- Manipulations in etching, order of the, [86]
- Manipulations of the etching process, [93]
- Manipulations, photographic, [24]
- Mask, the, [156]
- Middle etching, Austrian method, [87]
- — — French method, [80]
- Mirror, the reversing, [10], [35]
- Mordants for copper, [112]
- — for etching, [109]
- Mounting and finishing the etching, [92]
- Negative printing, [96]
- Negatives, appliances for making, [9]
- Nitrate of silver bath, the, [12], [16]
- Oven for the collotype process, drying, [167], [174]
- — using the, [168]
- Paper transfers, [132], [136]
- Papyrotint process, Husband’s, [147]
- Pewter plate, mounting on the, [159]
- — — the, [156]
- Photo-engraving, half tone, [63]
- Photo-engraving in line, [9]
- Photograph, fading out the, [96]
- Photographic manipulations, [24]
- — negatives, appliances for making, [9]
- Photo-inks, [144]
- Photo-lithographic transfers, to develop, [140]
- Photo-lithography in half-tone, [143]
- — in line, [129]
- Plate, graining the zinc, [40]
- Polishing the zinc, [39]
- Pomatum wax, how to make, [81]
- Positives for negative reproduction, [31]
- Preparation of the rollers, [154]
- Preparing the printing press, [176]
- Printing, carbon, [106]
- Printing frame, the, [43]
- Printing from the collotype plate, [171]
- Processes, the difference in, [117]
- Process, the collotype, [163]
- Protecting the collodion film, [20]
- Relief, high etching in, [104]
- Reproduction of drawings, Colas’s process, [109]
- Reproduction of negatives, the, [31]
- — with carbon positive, [32]
- Retrospective, half-tone photo-engraving, [63]
- Reversal of the drawings, [96]
- Reversing mirror, the, [10], [35]
- Rollers, the, [153]
- — preparation of the, [154]
- Room, the dark-, [25]
- Round etching, [90]
- Running of a workshop, [104]
- Screen for grained negatives, the, [65]
- Sensitometer, to make a, [107]
- Sensitizing solution, a good, [105]
- Sensitizing solution for paper transfers, [132]
- — — for the collotype process, [165]
- Sieve, dusting, [98]
- Silver bath, the nitrate of, [12], [16]
- Silvering the glass (for mirrors), [26]
- Skin, the heliotype, [156]
- Solution, clearing the, [18]
- Sources, hints from all, [94]
- Stereotyping, zinc etching by, [102]
- Strengthening, faults in, [78]
- — French process, [82]
- Stripping collodion films, [34]
- Sulphate of copper solution, etching with, [103]
- Table, the washing, [98]
- Timing and exposure, [43]
- Toovey’s negative transfer process, [139]
- Transfer process, Toovey’s negative, [139]
- Transfers, developing the, [138]
- Transfers to zinc, direct, [51]
- Transparencies for grained negatives, [66]
- Transparencies, how to make, [30]
- Transparent positive, making the, [120]
- — — sensitizing the, [137]
- Treatment before mounting, [78]
- Washing, Austrian process for, [85]
- — French process for, [83]
- Washing table, the, [98]
- — the negative, [19]
- Wax pomatum, how to make, [81]
- Whirler, the, [42]
- Work-shop, running of the, [104]
- Wrinkles and dodges, [105]
- Zinc, apparatus for printing upon, [39]
- — — direct transfers to, [51]
- — etching the first, [57]
- — — by galvanic means, [102]
- — — by stereotyping, [102]
- — — mounting the, [61]
- — — the second, [58]
- — — the manipulations of, [93]
- — in albumen, printing on the, [45]
- — in bitumen, printing on the, [48]
- — inking the exposed, [44]
- — plate, developing the albumen image on the, [47]
- — — — the bitumen image on the, [50]
- — — — inking the, [54]
- — — graining the, [40]
- — — coating with sensitive albumen, [41]
- — — drying the, [42]
- — — whirling the, [42]
- — — inking the albumenized, [46]
- — — the, to coat with bitumen, [49]
- — polishing the, [39]
- — preparing on the press, [102]
- Zincographic etching, [115]
- — printing press, the, [62]