[446] Les Rites de passage, ch. ii.
[447] For boundary marks in historical times see Gromatici auctores, vol. ii. p. 250 foll. (Rudorff).
[448] If the cattle were in the woodland beyond the settlement, as they would be in summer, they could not be protected in this way: like an army going into the country of hostes (see above, p. 216) they were treated in another way, which we may connect with the ritual of the Parilia, as Dr. Frazer has beautifully shown in his paper on St. George and the Parilia (Revue des études ethnographiques et sociologiques, 1908, p. 1 foll.).
[449] Georg. i. 338 foll.
[450] Varro, L.L. v. 143; Servius, Aen. v. 755 (from Cato); Plutarch, Romulus, xi.
[451] See above, p. 117.
[452] Buecheler, Umbrica, pp. 12 foll. and 42 foll.
[453] The deities of the city were invoked to preserve the name, the magistrates, rites, men, cattle, land, and crops: a list in which the name is the only item that carries us back to pre-Christian times.
[454] Buecheler, Umbrica, pp. 21 and 84 foll.
[455] Livy xl. 6 init.