Wm. Wynn Westcott, m.b.

4, Torriano Avenue,
London, N.W.


TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE
Chapter[I.]Introduction; the Ethics of the Subject1
[II.]History: Ancient and Modern7
[III.]Notable Suicides: Ancient, of the Middle Ages, and Modern17
[IV.]Origin of the Name; Classic Authors,examples of the Literature of Suicide, English and Foreign29
[V.]Jurisprudence; Suicide as a Crime inEngland, and abroad43
[VI.]Jurisprudence; Suicide and Life Assurance;in respect to Marriage, and to Wills51
[VII.]Present Rate, and Increase, in Europe58
[VIII.]Causation in general, Classification65
[IX.]Effect of Race, Climate, &c.75
[X.]Effect of Education, Religion, andMorality81
[XI.]Effect of Urban and Rural Life, andEmployment; the effect of Military, Naval, and Prison Life93
[XII.]Effect of Times and Seasons102
[XIII.]Effect of Age, Sex, and Social State107
[XIV.]Mental Diseases116
[XV.]Epidemic Suicide, and Suicide from Imitation, and for Notoriety129
[XVI.]Effect of Bodily Diseases, Alcoholism,Want of Sleep; Hereditary influence, and Spiritualism135
[XVII.]Effect of Tædium Vitæ, the Passions,Misery, and Despair141
[XVIII.]The Means of Suicide, their relativefrequency at home, and abroad144
[XIX.]Suicide compared to Crime inGeneral; Attempted Suicide, its relative amount154
[XX.]Suicide in British India161
[XXI.]The Prevention, and Treatment of the Suicidal tendency166
[XXII.]The Suicide of Animals174
[Appendix], Rules of Assurance Companies180
[Bibliographical Index]182
[General Index]187

[CHAPTER I.]
INTRODUCTION.

In every age of the world, and in the history of almost every country, we find instances more or less numerous of men and women who, preferring the dim uncertainty of the future to the painful realities of the present, have sought relief from all their troubles by suddenly terminating their own existence.

Misery and pain have been the lot of the human race ever since the dawn of history, and these causes have from the earliest times induced persons to destroy themselves, and even the fear of eternal punishment has not sufficed to deter them.

Sorrow, suffering, and mental disease are practically the only causes of Modern Suicide; but in the ancient world, suicides from these causes were either much more rare than they are at the present time, or else were passed over as unworthy of record, in the presence of suicides of a more honourable nature. Hundreds of instances have come down to us in which death has been self-sought and inflicted from an idea or conviction that such self-destruction was to be of obvious advantage to the state, or to the sufferer’s family; or again, the fatal act was frequently committed as a point of honour to obviate the disgrace and ignominy of falling into the hands of a conqueror; or, again, to avoid pollution and shame at the hands of unscrupulous and debased tyrants.