(3) In the pluperfect middle and passive the theme vowel is omitted. E. g., λε-λύ-σ-α-μεν, λε-λύ-κ-α-τε, ἐ-λε-λύ-κ-ε-μεν, λέ-λυ-μαι, ἐ-λε-λύ-μην. Bt. 201, 222-4; Gl. 279, 288-9, 298; Gn. 669, 682-3, 698; H.A. 428, 446, 459, 461-3.
8. The sign of the passive voice is often —θε—, sometimes lengthened to —θη— in conjugation, e. g., λυ-θή-σ-ο-μαι. Bt. 231-2; Gl. 302; Gn. 707; H.A. 468.
9. The person of the verb is indicated by a letter or syllable (in origin a personal pronoun) added to end of verb. E. g., λύ-ο-μαι, ἔ-λυ-ο-ν.
10. The middle and passive voices are alike except in two tenses, the future and the aorist. Bt. 167; Gl. 263; Gn. 552; H.A. 376-80.
11. There are two sets (or double sets) of personal ending; one set for the active (primary and secondary) tenses, and one for the tenses of the middle and passive (except second aorist and aorist passive). Bt. 166; Gl. 263, 271; Gn. 551-3; H.A. 375.
12. The personal ending may be shown thus:
| Primary Tenses | |||
| Sing. |  | ||
| —ω | —μαι | ||
| —εις | —σαι | ||
| —ει | —ται | ||
| Dual | | ||
| —τον | —σθον | ||
| —τον | —σθην | ||
| Plur. | | ||
| —μεν | —μεθα | ||
| —τε | —σθε | ||
| —ουσι(ν) | —νται | ||
| Secondary Tenses | |||
| Sing. | | ||
| —ν | —μην | ||
| —ς | —σο | ||
| — — | —το | ||
| Dual | | ||
| —τον | —σθον | ||
| —την | —σθην | ||
| Plur. | | ||
| —μεν | —μεθα | ||
| —τε | —σθε | ||
| —ν | —ντο | ||
(1) The longer, softer endings generally indicate middle or passive voice.
(2) In verbs as in noun the dual is less frequent in later Greek.