Note 1.—Breathing stands over the vowel: in a diphthong, over the second vowel (accent also stands over the second vowel, and precedes the breathing). Bt. 8; Gl. 6; Gn. 11.
Note may be made of the marks of punctuation: comma (,), color (·), interrogation (;), period (.).
IV. DECLENSIONS
1. There are three numbers; singular, dual, and plural. In late Greek the dual is less frequent and except the numeral δύο, does not occur in the New Testament. Bt. 74; Gl. 57; Gn. 155; H.A. 123.
2. The five cases are the nominative, genitive (equals of, or a possessive), dative (equals to, for, with), accusative (equals English objective), vocative (as in direct address). Bt 74; Gl. 59; Gn. 160; H.A. 123.
3 The o– declension (stems end in —o—).
| Sing. | Dual | Plural | |||
| (rare in late Greek) | |||||
| Mas. | Neut. | Mas. and Neut. | Mas. | Neut. | |
| Nom. | —ος | —ον | —ω | —οι | —ᾰ |
| Gen. | —ου | —ου | —οιν | —ων | —ων |
| Dat. | —ῳ | —ῳ | —οιν | —οις | —οις |
| Acc. | —ον | —ον | —ω | —ους | —ᾰ |
| Voc. | —ε | —ον | —ω | —οι | —ᾰ |
| (or same as Nom.) | |||||
(1) Masculine nouns (and a few feminines) end in –ος in Nom. Sing.: Neuters end in –ον.
(2) The stem of an —o— noun may be found by dropping the case-ending and adding the stem vowel —o—. Bt. 76; Gl. 62; Gn. 192; H.A. 133.