In the same year they were made to feel the mutability of things religious, because everything had to be restored at great expense. Their candlesticks, however, were of tin. They bought a cross for processions; a mass-book, a holy water stoup with a sprinkle; a basket for the holy bread; a pyx and all the other old vessels. Also, because under Edward they had written texts on the walls, they were now ordered to wipe them all out.
In 1559 they began to go back again to the Edwardian time, but not immediately. In 1560 the Bible was restored.
It is worthy of note that the parish officers were a little uncertain, after their melancholy experience, of the stability of things. They therefore kept the vessels bought in the time of Queen Mary until 1569, when, feeling somewhat reassured, they sold them all.
APPENDIX VI
GOLDSMITHS’ ROW
“Opposite to the Cross in Cheapside, on the south side of the street, there stood a superb pile of buildings, called Goldsmiths’ Row, extending from the west to Bread Street. This Row was erected in 1491, by Thomas Wood, Goldsmith, Sheriff of London. Stow describes it in 1598 as ‘the most beautiful frame of fair houses and shops that be within the walls of London, or elsewhere in England. It containeth in number ten fair dwelling-houses and fourteen shops, all in one frame, uniformly builded four stories high, beautified toward the street with the Goldsmith arms and the likeness of Woodmen (in memory of the founder’s name) riding on monstrous beasts, all of which is cast in lead, richly painted over and gilt.’ ‘This said front was again new painted and gilt over in the year 1594, Sir Richard Martin being then Mayor, and keeping the Mayoralty in one of them’ (Stow, edition 1633). ‘At this time the City greatly abounded in riches and splendour, such as former ages were unacquainted with. Then it was beautiful to behold the glorious appearance of Goldsmiths’ shops in the South Row of Cheapside, which, in a continued course, reached from the Old Change to Bucklersbury, exclusive of four shops only of other trades in all that space’ (Maitland’s History of London, edition 1760, vol. i. p. 301). King Charles the First in 1629 issued a Proclamation ordering the Goldsmiths to plant themselves, for the use of their trade, in Cheapside or Lombard Street. The Lords of the Council, in 1637, sent a letter to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen (vide vii. 197), ordering them to close every shop in Cheapside and Lombard Street that did not carry on the trade of a Goldsmith, about twenty-four in all, Grove and one Widow Hill, Stationers; Dover, a Milliner; Brown, a Bandseller; Sanders, a Drugster; Medcalfe, a Cook; Edwards, a Girdler, etc.—Rushworth’s ‘State Papers.’” (Remembrancia, p. 106, n. 1.)
APPENDIX VII
LONDON PLANTS
In the Archæologia may be found the following enumeration of plants grown in an Elizabethan garden:—
- Adderstong—Ophioglossum.
- Affodyll—Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus. Affodyll Daffadilly.
- Appyl—Apple—Pyrus Malus; and garden varieties.
- Asche tre—Ash—Fraxinus excelsior.
- Auans—Geum urbanum, Avance or Avens.
- Betony—Saachys Betonica.
- Borage—Borrago officinalis.
- Bryswort—Bruisewort, Brusewort or Brisewort—Bellis perenni.
- Bugull—Bugle—Ajuga reptans.
- Bygull—Bigold—Chrysanthemom segetum.
- Calamynte—Calamintha officinalis. “The garden mynt.”
- Camemyl—Chamomile—Anthemis nobilis. “Camamyll.”
- Carsyndylls? “Cars or Carses—cress.”
- Centory—Great Centuary.
- Clarey—Clary—Salvia sclarea.
- Comfery—Comfrey—Symphytum officinale.
- Coryawnder—Coriander.
- Cowslippe—Cowslip.
- Dytawnder—Dittander and Dittany.
- Egrimoyne—Egremoyne.
- Elysauwder—Smyrnium Olusatrum.
- Feldwort—Felwort and Fieldwort.
- Floscampi? Campion?
- Foxglove—Digitalis purpurea.
- Fynel—Fennel.
- Garleke—Garlick.
- Gladyn—Iris foetidissima or Iris Pseudacorus.
- Gromel—Gromwell.
- Growdyswyly—Growndyswyly—Groundswyll.
- Hasel tre—Hazel tree.
- Haw thorn—Hawthorn.
- Henbane—Hyoscyamus niger.
- Herbe Ion.
- Herbe Robert—Geranium Robertianum.
- Herbe Water—Herb Walter.
- Hertystonge—Hartystonge—Hart’s-tongue.
- Holyhocke—Althaea rosea, or Malva sylvestris or Althaea officinalis.
- Honysoke—Honeysuckle.
- Horehound—Marrubium vulgare.
- Horsel—Horselle—Horsehele.
- Hyndesall?—Hind-heal.
- Langbefe, generally supposed to be Helminthia echioides.
- Lavyndull—Lavandula vera.
- Leke—Leek.
- Letows—Lettuce.
- Lyly—Lily.
- Lyverwort.
- Merege. Cannot identify.
- Moderwort—Motherwort.
- Mouseer—Mouse ear.
- Myntys—Mint.
- Nepte—Nep or Neppe or Nept.
- Oculus Christi—Salvia verbanaca.
- Orage—Atriplex hortensis.
- Orpy—Orpies.
- Ownyns and Oynet.
- Parrow? Cannot identify? mistake for Yarrow.
- Pelyter—Pellitory.
- Percely—Perselye —Parsley.
- Pere—Pear.
- Peruynke—Periwinkle.
- Primrole—Primrose.
- Polypody—Polypodium vulgare.
- Pympernold—Pimpernel.
- Radysche—Radish.
- Redenay. Cannot identify.
- Rewe—Rue.
- Rose—Rosa, red and white.
- Rybwort—Ribwort.
- Saferowne—Saffron.
- Sage—Salvia officinalis.
- Sanycle—Sanicle.
- Sauerey—Savory.
- Scabyas—Scabious.
- Seueny—Seniue. Common mustard or field senive.
- Sowthrynwode—Southernwood.
- Sperewort—Spearwort.
- Spynage—Spinach.
- Strowberys—Strawberries.
- Stychewort—Stichewort.
- Tansay—Tansy.
- Totesayne—Tutsan—Hypericum Androsæmum.
- Tuncarse—Town cress.
- Tyme—Thyme.
- Valeryan—a general name for Valeriana.
- Verveyn—Vervain—Verbena officinalis.
- Violet—Viola. Generally V. odorata.
- Vynys and Vyne tre—Vine.
- Walwort—Walwort or Danewort of Dwarf elder.
- Warmot—Wormwood.
- Waterlyly—Water lily.
- Weybrede—Plantago major.
- Woderofe—Woodruffe.
- Wodesour—Woodsour.
- Wurtys—Wortys.
- Wyldtesyl—Teazel.
- Ysope—Hyssop. “Ysopus is ysope.”
- (Archæologia, vol. 1. p. 167.)