Edinburgh, 1907.
CONTENTS
[INTRODUCTION]
| PAGE | |
| Portugal separated from Spain by no natural division geographical orlinguistic; does not correspond with Roman Lusitania, nor with thelater Suevic kingdom—Traces of early Celtic inhabitants; Citania,Sabrosa—Roman Occupation; Temple at Evora—Barbarian Invasions—ArabConquest—Beginnings of Christian re-conquest—Sesnando,first Count of Oporto—Christians defeated at Zalaca—CountHenry of Burgundy and Dona Theresa—Beginnings of PortugueseIndependence—Affonso Henriques, King of Portugal—Growth ofPortugal—Victory of Aljubarrota—Prince Henry the Navigator—TheSpanish Usurpation—The Great Earthquake—The PeninsularWar—The Miguelite War—The suppression of the Monasteries—Differencesbetween Portugal and Spain, etc. | [1-10] |
| [Painting in Portugal] | |
| Not very many examples of Portuguese paintings left—Early connectionwith Burgundy; and with Antwerp—Great influence ofFlemish school—The myth of Grão Vasco—Pictures at Evora, atThomar, at Setubal, in Santa Cruz, Coimbra—'The Fountain ofMercy' at Oporto—The pictures at Vizeu: 'St. Peter'—Antoniode Hollanda | [10-17] |
| [Church Plate] | |
| Much plate lost during the Peninsular War—Treasuries of Braga,Coimbra, and Evora, and of Guimarães—Early chalices, etc., atBraga, Coimbra, and Guimarães—Crosses at Guimarães and atCoimbra—Relics of St. Isabel—Flemish influence seen in laterwork—Tomb of St. Isabel, and coffins of sainted abbesses ofLorvão | [17-20] |
| [Tiles] | |
| Due to Arab influence—The word azulejo and its origin—The differentstages in the development of tile making—Early tiles at CintraMoorish in pattern and in technique—Tiles at Bacalhôa Moorish intechnique but Renaissance in pattern—Later tiles without Moorishtechnique, e.g. at Santarem and elsewhere—Della Robbia ware atBacalhôa—Pictures in blue and white tiles very common | [20-28] |
| [CHAPTER I] | |
| EARLY BUILDINGS IN THE NORTH | |
| The oldest buildings are in the North—Very rude and simple—Threetypes—Villarinho—São Miguel, Guimarães—Cedo Feita, Oporto—Gandara,Boelhe, etc., are examples of the simplest—Aguas Santas,Rio Mau, etc., of the second; and of the third Villar de Frades,etc.—Legend of Villar—Sé, Braga—Sé, Oporto—Paço de Souza—Methodof roofing—Tomb of Egas Moniz—Pombeiro—Castleand Church, Guimarães | [29-43] |
| [CHAPTER II] | |
| EARLY BUILDINGS IN THE SOUTH | |
| Growth of Christian kingdom under Affonso Henriques—His vow—Captureof Santarem, of Lisbon—Cathedral, Lisbon, related to Churchof S. Sernin, Toulouse—Ruined by Great Earthquake, and badlyrestored—Sé Velha, Coimbra, general scheme copied from Santiagoand so from S. Sernin, Toulouse—Other churches at Coimbra—Evora,its capture—Cathedral founded—Similar in scheme toLisbon, but with pointed arches; central lantern; cloister—Thomarfounded by Gualdim Paes; besieged by Moors—Templar Church—Santarem,Church of São João de Alporão—Alcobaça; great wealthof Abbey—Designed by French monks—Same plan as Clairvaux—Hasbut little influence on later buildings | [44-63] |
| [CHAPTER III] | |
| THIRTEENTH AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES DOWN TO THE BATTLE OF ALJUBARROTA | |
| The thirteenth century poor in buildings—The Franciscans—SãoFrancisco Guimarães—Santarem—Santa Maria dos Olivaes atThomar—Cf. aisle windows at Leça do Balio—Inactivity anddeposition of Dom Sancho ii. by Dom Affonso iii.—Conquest ofAlgarve—Sé, Silves—Dom Diniz and the castles at Beja and atLeiria—Cloisters, Cellas, Coimbra, Alcobaça, Lisbon, and Oporto—St.Isabel and Sta. Clara at Coimbra—Leça do Balio—The choirof the cathedral, Lisbon, with tombs—Alcobaça, royal tombs—DomPedro i. and Inez de Castro; her murder, his sorrow—Their tombs | [64-78] |
| [CHAPTER IV] | |
| AND THE DELIVERANCE OF PORTUGAL | |
| Dom Fernando and Dona Leonor Telles—Her wickedness and unpopularity—Theirdaughter, Dona Brites, wife of Don Juan of Castile, rejected—DomJoão i. elected king—Battle of Aljubarrota—Dom João'svow—Marriage of Dom João and Philippa of Lancaster—Batalhafounded; its plan national, not foreign; some details seem English,some French, some even German—Huguet the builder did not copyYork or Canterbury—Tracery very curious—Inside very plain—Capellado Fundador, with the royal tombs—Capellas Imperfeitas | [79-92] |
| [CHAPTER V] | |
| EARLIER FIFTEENTH CENTURY | |
| Nossa Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães rebuilt as a thankoffering—Silverreredos captured at Aljubarrota—The cathedral, Guarda—Its likenessto Batalha—Nave later—Nuno Alvarez Pereira, the GrandConstable, and the Carmo, Lisbon—João Vicente and Villar deFrades—Alvito, Matriz—Capture of Ceuta—Tombs in the Graça,Santarem—Dom Pedro de Menezes and his 'Aleo'—Tomb ofDom Duarte de Menezes in São João de Alporão—Tombs atAbrantes cloister—Thomar | [93-103] |
| [CHAPTER VI] | |
| GOTHIC | |
| Graça, Santarem—Parish churches, Thomar, Villa do Conde, Azuraraand Caminha, all similar in plan—Cathedrals: Funchal, Lamego,and Vizeu—Porch and chancel of cathedral, Braga—Conceição,Braga | [104-115] |
| [CHAPTER VII] | |
| INFLUENCE OF THE MOORS | |
| Few buildings older than the re-conquest—But many built for Christiansby Moors—The Palace, Cintra—Originally country house of theWalis—Rebuilt by Dom João i.—Plan and details Moorish—Entrancecourt—Sala dos Cysnes, why so called, its windows;Sala do Conselho; Sala das Pegas, its name, chimney-piece; Saladas Sereias; dining-room; Pateo, baths; Sala dos Arabes;Pateo de Diana; chapel; kitchen—Castles at Guimarães and atBarcellos—Villa de Feira | [116-128] |
| [CHAPTER VIII] | |
| MOORISH BUILDINGS | |
| Commoner in Alemtejo—Castle, Alvito—Not Sansovino's Palace—Evora,Paços Reaes, Cordovis, Sempre Nova, São João Evangelista,São Francisco, São Braz | [129-135] |
| [CHAPTER IX] | |
| CARPENTRY | |
| Examples found all over the country—At Aguas Santas, Azurara,Caminha and Funchal—Cintra, Sala dos Cysnes, Sala dos Escudos—Coimbra,Misericordia, hall of University—Ville do Conde SantaClara, Aveiro convent | [136-142] |
| [CHAPTER X] | |
| MANOELINO | |
| João ii. continues the policy of Prince Henry the Navigator—BartholomeuDiaz, Vasco da Gama—Accession of Dom Manoel—Discoveryof route to India, and of Brazil—Great wealth of King—Failsto unite all the kingdoms of the Peninsula—Characteristicfeatures of Manoelino—House of Garcia de Resende, Evora—Caldasda Rainha—Setubal, Jesus—Beja, Conceição, Castle, etc.—Cintra,Palace—Gollegã, Church—Elvas, Cathedral—Santarem,Marvilla—Lisbon, Madre de Deus—Coimbra, University Chapel—Setubal,São Julião | [143-156] |
| [CHAPTER XI] | |
| AND THE CONQUEST OF INDIA | |
| Vasco da Gama's successful voyage to Calicut, 1497—Other expeditionslead to discovery of Brazil—Titles conferred on Dom Manoelby Pope Alexander vi.—Ormuz taken—Strange forms at Thomarnot Indian—Templars suppressed and Order of Christ foundedinstead—Prince Henry Grand Master—Spiritual supremacy ofThomar over all conquests, made or to be made—Templar churchadded to by Prince Henry, and more extensively by Dom Manoel—Joãode Castilho builds Coro—Stalls burnt by French—Southdoor, chapter-house and its windows—Much of the detail emblematicof the discoveries, etc., made in the East and in the West | [157-170] |
| [CHAPTER XII] | |
| ADDITIONS TO BATALHA | |
| Dom Duarte's tomb-house unfinished—Work resumed by DomManoel—The two Matheus Fernandes, architects—The Pateo—Thegreat entrance—Meaning of 'Tanyas Erey'—Piers in Octagon—Howwas the Octagon to be roofed?—The great Cloister, withits tracery—Whence derived | [171-180] |
| [CHAPTER XIII] | |
| BELEM | |
| Torre de São Viente built to defend Lisbon—Turrets and balconiesnot Indian—Vasco da Gama sails from Belem—The great monasterybuilt as a thankoffering for the success of his voyage—Begun byBoutaca, succeeded by Lourenço Fernandes, and then by João deCastilho—Plan due to Boutaca—Master Nicolas, the Frenchman,the first renaissance artist in Portugal—Plan: exterior; interiorsuperior to exterior; stalls; cloister, lower and upper—Lisbon,Conceição Velha, also by João de Castilho | [181-195] |
| [CHAPTER XIV] | |
| COMING OF THE FOREIGN ARTISTS | |
| Coimbra, Sta. Cruz, founded by Dom Affonso Henriques, rebuilt byDom Manoel, first architect Marcos Pires—Gregorio Lourençoclerk of the works—Diogo de Castilho succeeds Marcos Pires—Westfront, Master Nicolas—Cloister, inferior to that of Belem—Royaltombs—Other French carvers—Pulpit, reredoses in cloister,stalls—Sé Velha reredos, doors—Chapel of São Pedro | [196-210] |
| [CHAPTER XV] | |
| INFLUENCE OF THE FOREIGNERS | |
| Tomb at Thomar of the Bishop of Funchal—Tomb in Graça, Santarem—SãoMarcos, founded by Dona Brites de Menezes—Tomb ofFernão Telles—Rebuilt by Ayres da Silva, her grandson—Tombsin chancel—Reredos, by Master Nicolas—Reredos at Cintra—PenaChapel by same—São Marcos, Chapel of the Reyes Magos—Sansovino'sdoor, Cintra—Evora, São Domingos—Portalegre,Tavira, Lagos, Goes, Trofa, Caminha, Moncorvo | [211-221] |
| [CHAPTER XVI] | |
| WORK OF JOÃO DE CASTILHO AND EARLIER CLASSIC | |
| João iii. cared more for the Church than for anything else—Decaybegins—Later additions to Alcobaça—Batalha, Sta. Cruz—Thomar,Order of Christ reformed—Knights become regulars—Greatadditions, cloisters, dormitory, etc., by João de Castilho—Hisdifficulties, letters to the King—His addition to Batalha—BuildsConceição at Thomar like Milagre, Santarem—Marvilla, ibid.;Elvas, São Domingos—Cintra, Penha Longa and Penha Verde—Vizeu,Cloister—Lamego, Cloister—Coimbra, São Thomaz—Carmo—Faro—Lorvão—Amarante—Santarem,Santa Clara, andGuarda, reredos | [222-239] |
| [CHAPTER XVII] | |
| LATER RENAISSANCE AND THE SPANISH USURPATION | |
| Diogo de Torralva and Claustro dos Filippes, Thomar—Miranda deDouro—Reigns of Dom Sebastião and of the Cardinal KingHenry not noted for much building—Evora, Graça and University—Fatalexpedition by Dom Sebastião to Morocco—His death anddefeat—Feeble reign of his grand-uncle—Election of Philip—Unionwith Spain and consequent loss of trade—Lisbon, SãoRoque; coming of Terzi—Lisbon, São Vicente de Fora; first useof very long Doric pilasters—Santo Antão, Santa Maria doDesterro, and Torreão do Paço—Sé Nova, Coimbra, like SantoAntão—Oporto, Collegio Novo—Coimbra, Misericordia, Bishop'spalace; Sacristy of Sé Velha, São Domingos, Carmo, Graça, SãoBento by Alvares—Lisbon, São Bento—Oporto, São Bento | [240-253] |
| [CHAPTER XVIII] | |
| BUILDINGS OF THE LATER RENAISSANCE, TILL THE EXPULSION OF THE SPANIARDS | |
| Vianna do Castello, Misericordia—Beja, São Thiago—Azeitão, SãoSimão—Evora, Cartuxa—Beja, Misericordia—Oporto, NossaSenhora da Serra do Pilar—Sheltered Wellington before he crossedthe Douro—Besieged by Dom Miguel—Very original plan—Coimbra,Sacristy of Santa Cruz—Lisbon, Santa Engracia neverfinished—Doric pilasters too tall—Coimbra, Santa Clara, greatabuse of Doric pilasters | [254-260] |
| [CHAPTER XIX] | |
| RESTORATION AND THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY | |
| The expulsion of the Spaniards—Long war: final success of Portugaland recovered prosperity—Mafra founded by Dom João v.—Comparedwith the Escorial—Designed by a German—Palace, church,library, etc.—Evora, Capella Mor—Great Earthquake—TheMarques de Pombal—Lisbon, Estrella—Oporto, Torre dosClerigos—Oporto, Quinta do Freixo—Queluz—Quinta atGuimarães—Oporto, hospital and factory—Defeat of DomMiguel and suppression of monasteries | [261-271] |
| BOOKS CONSULTED | [272] |
| INDEX | [273] |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| To face page | ||
| [1]. | Guimarães, House from Sabrosa | }[4] |
| [2]. | Evora, Temple of 'Diana' | |
| [3]. | Oporto, Fountain of Mercy | [14] |
| [4]. | Vizeu, St. Peter, in Sacristy of Cathedral | }[16] |
| [5]. | Coimbra, Cross in Cathedral Treasury | |
| [6]. | " Chalice " " | }[20] |
| [7]. | " Monstrance " " | |
| [8]. | Cintra, Palace, Sala dos Arabes | }[24] |
| [9]. | " " Dining-room | |
| [10]. | Santarem, Marvilla, coloured wall tiles | }[frontispiece.] |
| [11]. | " " | |
| [12]. | Vallarinho, Parish Church | }[32] |
| [13]. | Villar de Frades, West Door | |
| [14]. | Paço de Souza, Interior of Church | }[40] |
| [15]. | " " Tomb of Egas Moniz | |
| [16]. | Guimarães, N. S. da Oliveira, Chapter-house Entrance | }[42] |
| [17]. | Leça do Balio, Cloister | |
| [18]. | Coimbra, Sé Velha, Interior | }[50] |
| [19]. | " " West Front | |
| [20]. | Evora, Cathedral, Interior | }[54] |
| [21]. | " " Central Lantern | |
| [22]. | Evora, Cloister | }[56] |
| [23]. | Thomar, Templar Church | |
| [24]. | Santarem, São João de Alporão | }[58] |
| [25]. | Alcobaça, South Transept | |
| [26]. | Santarem, São Francisco, West Door | }[66] |
| [27]. | Silves, Cathedral, Interior | |
| [28]. | Alcobaça Cloister | }[72] |
| [29]. | Lisbon, Cathedral Cloister | |
| [30]. | Coimbra, Sta. Clar | [74] |
| [31]. | Alcobaça, Chapel with Royal Tombs | }[78] |
| [32]. | " Tomb of Dom Pedro i. | |
| [33]. | Batalha, West Fron | [86] |
| [34]. | Batalha, Interior | }[88] |
| [35]. | " Capella do Fundador | |
| [36]. | Batalha, Capellas Imperfeita | [92] |
| [37]. | Guimarães, Capella of D. Juan i. of Castile | }[94] |
| [38]. | Guarda, North Side of Cathedral | |
| [39]. | Santarem, Tomb of Dom Pedro de Menezes | }[102] |
| [40]. | " Tomb of Dom Duarte de Menezes | |
| [41]. | Villa do Conde, West Front of Parish Churc | [108] |
| [42]. | Vizeu, Interior of Cathedral | }[112] |
| [43]. | Braga, Cathedral Porch | |
| [44]. | Cintra, Palace, Main Front | }[120] |
| [45]. | " " Window in 'Sala das Sereias' | |
| [46]. | Cintra, Palace, Ceiling of Chape | [126] |
| [47]. | Alvito, Castle | }[132] |
| [48]. | Evora, São João Evangelista, Door to Chapter-house | |
| [49]. | Caminha, Roof of Matriz | }[138] |
| [50]. | Cintra, Palace, Ceiling of Sala dos Cysnes | |
| [51]. | Coimbra, University, Ceiling of Sala dos Capello | [142] |
| [52]. | Cintra, Palace, additions by D. Manoe | [152] |
| [53]. | Santarem, Marvilla, West Door | }[154] |
| [54]. | Coimbra, University Chapel Door | |
| [55]. | Thomar, Convent of Christ, South Door | }[166] |
| [56]. | " " " Chapter-house Window | |
| [57]. | Batalha, Entrance to Capellas Imperfeita | [174] |
| [58]. | Batalha, Window of Pateo | }[178] |
| [59]. | " Upper part of Capellas Imperfeitas | |
| [60]. | Batalha, Claustro Real | }[180] |
| [61]. | Batalha, Lavatory in Claustro Real | |
| [62]. | Belem, Torre de São Vicente | }[184] |
| [63]. | Belem, Sacristy | |
| [64]. | Belem, South side of Nave | }[190] |
| [65]. | " Interior, looking west | |
| [66]. | Belem, Cloister | }[194] |
| [67]. | " Interior of Lower Cloister | |
| [68]. | Lisbon, Conceição Velh | [196] |
| [69]. | Coimbra, Sta. Cruz, West Front | }[200] |
| [70]. | " " Cloister | |
| [71]. | Coimbra, Sta. Cruz, Tomb of D. Sancho i. | }[202] |
| [72]. | " " Pulpit | |
| [73]. | Coimbra, Sta. Cruz, Reredos in Cloister | }[206] |
| [74]. | " " Choir Stalls | |
| [75]. | Coimbra, Sé Velha, Reredos | }[209] |
| [76]. | " " Reredos in Chapel of São Pedro | |
| [77]. | Thomar, Sta. Maria dos Olivaes, Tomb of the Bishop of Funchal | }[212] |
| [78]. | São Marcos, Tomb of D. João da Silva | |
| [79]. | São Marcos, Chancel | }[218] |
| [80]. | " Chapel of the 'Reyes Magos' | |
| [81]. | Cintra, Palace, Door by Sansovino | }[220] |
| [82]. | Caminha, West Door of Church | |
| [83]. | Alcobaça, Sacristy Door | }[224] |
| [84]. | Batalha, Door of Sta. Cruz | |
| [85]. | Thomar, Claustro da Hospedaria | }[228] |
| [86]. | " Chapel in Dormitory Passage | |
| [87]. | Thomar, Stair in Claustro dos Filippes | }[230] |
| [88]. | " Chapel of the Conceição | |
| [89]. | Santarem, Marvilla, Interior | }[236] |
| [90]. | Vizeu, Cathedral Cloister | |
| [91]. | Guarda, Cathedral Reredos | }[240] |
| [92]. | Thomar, Claustro dos Filippes | |
| [93]. | Lisbon, São Vicente de Fora | }[246] |
| [94]. | " " " Interior | |
| [95]. | Coimbra, Sé Nova | }[250] |
| [96]. | " Misericordia | |
| [97]. | Vianna do Castello, Misericordi | [254] |
| [98]. | Oporto, N. S. da Serra do Pilar, Cloister | }[258] |
| [99]. | Coimbra, Sta. Cruz, Sacristy | |
| [100]. | Mafra, West Front | }[266] |
| [101]. | " Interior of Church | |
